Mineral requirements for clean energy transitions

(2021) and so somewhat outdated by the fast pace of change.

Battery section makes no mention of sodium ion, for example.

The same org has published more recently on the same topic.

Their "Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025" suggested that demand has risen but supply has risen faster leading to lower prices "especially for battery minerals".

They've moved onto other worries. We will have enough minerals but "we" here means China 95% of the time.

Presumably China saw reports like this and said "we should locate and secure more minerals" rather than "this is all hopeless let's just burn oil which will never run out".

dont be fooled by noise about limitations. The basic fact is that all mater in the universe can and does carry a charge, and we are a very very long way from exhausting possible battery and PV candidates, as all mater in the universe is also photo reactive, and very subtle changes in how crystline structures are aranged has a huge impact on how matter and energy interact, and again we are only begining to be able to study and control how there characteristics can be utilised. Current battery and PV technology is proving to be acceptable forgrid scale implimentation, but recent work points towards significant improvements in efficiency, with other advancements in manufacturing showing very quick time frames for comercialisation, where new types are designed to be produced on existing equipment.