That feels a bit harsh when reading a book written in 1992. Shor's algorithm was only invented in 1994. There was no indication about our quantum future at the time that novel was written
A Fire upon the deep is set in the far future. Its easy to imagine all non information-theoretic secure cryptosystems failing thousands of years from now. I think that prediction is more reasonable than most far-future scifi predictions.
If i remember right, i think that is the novel that predicts we'd still be using usenet when talking between planets (i read a long time ago), so i think the crypto prediction aged a lot better than that.