Use Letterpest to win at Letterpress
letterpest.com
letterpest.com
EDIT: Title just changed and doesn't mention it (as a feature) anymore.
A prefix trie, as the GP mentioned, seems like a very good and obvious approach. You avoid most of the work generating non-words because all paths lead to complete words unless you run out of letters and you're not on a terminal.
What do you gain from the bloom filter?
I haven't done any calculations or experiments, but it doesn't seem like you'd save much computation time with the bloom filter vs just using a hash table that maps (letter sets) -> (words). I could see this being faster than a trie, though, since you aren't trying to do spelling suggestions and you lose a lot of time traversing the trie for all possible permutations of the letters.
Still, the Letterpress board is so fixed in its layout/fonts that I'm surprised they need a 'neural network' recognizer, and prefer a certain color scheme.
Advanced assignment: calculate whether any given board is a 'solved' game, with a predictable outcome given two 'perfect' players. (My guess is that all boards are, given the advantage of moving first in biasing the score balance in your direction.)
Except in this case it's basically contributing to ruining a game, or at least the 'play with strangers' component. I would have thought a blog post outlining the approach taken to solve the problem would have sufficed.
Small bug: "Q" is getting recognized as "O" on a few boards I've tested.