Note that the NPM worms are spreading because the package providers are developing on their libraries without them noticing a malicious dependency. It is not users/consumers spreading the worm, it is developers spreading it.

Your mismatch is that you think in policies, not assessments here. Nothing in my normal go workflow will ask me if I want to run "curl download whatever from the internet" when I run go build.

Though I agree with the difference in workflow, there is not a single mechanism in go catching this. go.mod files can be just patched by the worm, and/or hidden behind a /v123 folder or whatever to play shenanigans on API differences.