Do you think we are requesting to have less secure payment methods or something?
No, we don't "prefer to get defrauded", but things like this are a matter of negotiation between the card issuers and the merchants.
Not necessarily, the EU has mandated strong customer authentication by law (PSD2), and as a result has practically universal 3DSecure support.
I suspect that banks and merchants would lobby against it due the work involved. After all, they’ve already marked up their services and goods to cover the cost of fraud/insurance. So right now they don’t pay the cost of it, instead all their customers do through higher prices than they would otherwise have needed to pay.
That's not obviously true. Adding security would likely reduce fraud, but would also make transactions more difficult and time consuming, and may also make recovering from fraud more difficult and time consuming.
The costs may not justify the benefits.
They also report account closures to ChexSystems, which can make it harder to open accounts at other banks for years. Credit card issuers can drop you and ding your credit. Definitively not your fault, but still your problem, and the consequences are for you.