...OR if you are developing a PCB, you have the design data, and pick and place data and the gerber data.
Any combination of such gives you positions of everything within micrometers.
This is not a new problem. Testing of PCBs has been solved a billion times over and the world has had bed of nails tester and flying probe testers for 4 decades old.
We have a 8 finger flying probe machine at our facility that literally all we do is load the board in, load in the design data. It identifies points of interests, learns the fiducials and we let it do a characterization run. We then have engineering review of the resulting data and just let it fly afterwards.
None of this requires AI.
But nowadays any linear regression qualifies as AI so imma go slap a label on it.