Corporate employees abusing trust are doing it equivalently whether they trade securities or place bets. Government employees, similarly, don’t personally own the country’s data.
In a minority of cases, the information is one’s own, e.g. bets on how many times a person says a word. But most of the time, there is a breach of trust.
But the crime the article is talking about isn't "abusing trust", it's insider trading. Insider trading is defined in a specific way. For one, as far as I understand it, it must involve securities.
I just remembered that Dodd-Frank expanded insider trading to cover e.g. commodities [1]. So it definitely applies outside securities in the U.S.
[1] https://www.lw.com/admin/upload/SiteAttachments/Alert%202827...
So now it's public servants military power, congressional power, and they look to enrich themselves with making (or lobbying for) decisions which affect the outcome of a bet.
You could imagine an army general that lobbies for the bombing of Iran knowing the president has his ear, and then bets on the bombing of Iran by March 2026.