Neither the present article, nor the original one has much mathematical originality, though: Odrzywolek's result is immediately obvious, while this blog post is a rehash of Arnold's proof of the unsolvability of the quintic.
Neither the present article, nor the original one has much mathematical originality, though: Odrzywolek's result is immediately obvious, while this blog post is a rehash of Arnold's proof of the unsolvability of the quintic.
The present article could rather have spent time arguing why this isn't like NAND gate functional completeness.
I would have thought the differences lie in the other direction: not that trees of EML and 1 can describe too little, but that they can describe too much already. It's decidable whether two NAND circuits implement the same function, I'm pretty sure it's not decidable if two EML trees describe the same function.
> It's decidable whether two NAND circuits implement the same function, I'm pretty sure it's not decidable if two EML trees describe the same function.
Perhaps, perhaps not, same function so basically is this question solvable:
A(x[,y,...]) = f(x[,y,...])-g(x[,y,...]) == 0 everywhere?
if a user brings EML functions f and g; given their binary EML trees; can we decide if they represent the same function, so the question form is
A(x)=0 EVERYWHERE?
(like given 2 fractions a/b == c/d ? do the fractions represent the same fraction?)
From Wikipedia link reikonomusha gave:
> Miklós Laczkovich removed also the need for π and reduced the use of composition.[5] In particular, given an expression A(x) in the ring generated by the integers, x, sin xn, and sin(x sin xn) (for n ranging over positive integers), both the question of whether A(x) > 0 for some x and whether A(x) = 0 for some x are unsolvable.
Here the question forms are
1) exist x such that A(x) > 0 (does there exist an x where A(x) becomes positive?)
2) exist x such that A(x) = 0 (does there exist a value such that A(x) becomes 0? or basically find real roots
so at least the forms on WikiPedia don't generate the results both of you claim it does.
it does present undecidability results, but not straightforwardly in the context of this EML work.
second the Richardson's theorem is about the function on the reals, not complex functions (I mean the roots must lay somewhere)
We can always write AML trees for expressions generated by the integers, x, sin xn, and sin(x sin xn), right?
So we should be able to write EML trees for any two such expressions, A and B. If they're equal everywhere, then A - B = 0 everywhere. A - B is also in the aforementioned ring.
If there was a decision procedure always to determine if EML trees represent the same function, then that contradicts Miklós Laczkovich's extension, right?
1) is there some value x such that some function F(x)=A(x)-B(x)=0?
2) is there some value x such that F(x)>0?
while you asked:
> I'm pretty sure it's not decidable if two EML trees describe the same function.
that would be
3) is for every x F(x)=A(x)-B(x)==0?
which Miklós Laczkovich's extension does not provide.
And you ignore the fact that Miklós Laczkovich's extension applies to real numbers and functions...
Likewise, if it's not decidable for real-valued functions, clearly it's not decidable for complex valued functions.
decidability does not distribute over pointwise question asking on sets, or if you believe it does, show us the proof.
Telling if an EML(x,y),1 constructed expression is identically 0 is in the gray zone, as far as I can tell, it has neither been proven decidable nor been proven undecidable.
Nevertheless regardless of decidability the authors clearly show the multipoint sampling/testing is a decent filter, and the shorter resulting expressions have been proven correct in the results for the construction at least.
Well, sure. At least, until you have a loop that starts clocking for you, and now you've got the halting problem.
Maybe. But I found it a nice piece of recreational mathematics nevertheless.
[1] https://web.williams.edu/Mathematics/lg5/394/ArnoldQuintic.p...
These classes can always safely include all single-valued continuous functions (you cannot even write the _quadratic_ formula in terms of arithmetic and single-valued continuous functions!), but also plenty of non-single-valued functions (e.g. the +-sqrt function which appears in the well-known quadratic formula).
Applying Arnold's proof to the class given by arithmetic and all complex nth root functions (also multivalued) gives the usual Abel-Ruffini theorem. But Arnold's proof applies to the class "all elm-expressible functions" without modification.
Many things that in retrospect seem immediately obvious weren't obvious before, let alone immediately obvious.
This may or may not be true; but the burden of proof should not lay with the reader.
Please provide (in absence of which every reader can draw their own conclusions) a reference which simultaneously:
1) predates Odrzywolek's result
2) and demonstrates the other unary and binary operations typically tacitly assumed can be expressed in terms of a single binary operation and a constant.
(in other news: I can spontaneously levitate, I just don't feel like demonstrating it to you right now...)
You can find thousands of such questions on Math StackExchange. Take e.g. [1]: never been asked anywhere else, interesting enough, yet answered pretty much immediately by two separate mathematicians.
"Is there a single constant and function with connected domain that can express all of $\log, \exp, \sin, \dots$?" would have made a fine question there too, the type that gets a thorough answer very quickly if anyone bothers to ask it.
> the burden of proof should not lay with the reader
You were the one who made the claim that "this is one of the most significant discoveries in years". Feel free to substantiate that claim first, according to the same standards. Are there any authors who ask this question, and/or suggest that they don't know an answer?
[1] https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2308587/is-the-set-...