> Even if readers didn’t make it all the way to the ends of the papers, they would have encountered red flags early on, such as statements that “this entire paper is made up” and “Fifty made-up individuals aged between 20 and 50 years were recruited for the exposure group”.
> What is the recommendation here? Should the agent take everything published in a skeptical way?
Not everything. Maybe some things that are explicitly called made-up.