Someone at BrowserStack is leaking users' email addresses
shkspr.mobi
shkspr.mobi
Not commenting on whether this is good or ethical (or even totally legal), but this is what is happening behind the scenes.
1. A user signs up to BrowserStack
2. BrowserStack (automatically) upload the submitted user’s information to Apollo
3. Apollo “enrich” the user’s details using information they already have about the person, e.g: company revenue, LinkedIn profile
4. Sales reps at BrowserStack use the enriched information to identify leads, bucket for marketing etc.
Apollo’s customer data sharing adds any information BrowserStack send to Apollo to the person’s profile with Apollo, accessible to all Apollo customers.
For example, any other Apollo customer can search something like “email addresses for decision makers at Example, Inc.” and get back a list including your email address (if you told BrowserStack you are a decision maker at Example, Inc.)
Every single marketing team is doing all of this, the only reason it was obvious in this case is that the OP used a unique email address for BrowserStack. If you sign up for any business product online, you surely have a profile in Apollo filled with details about you gathered from around the web (and details you submitted).
edit: https://www.apollo.io/privacy-policy/remove opt out link but Apollo are just one of many companies offering this service
5. BrowserStack gets hit by a massive GDPR fine.
7. People just remember 'BrowserStack got hit by a massive fine'
8. Everyone carries on with business as usual
In that time I have had 'leaks' twice: my State's Fish and Wildlife licensing organ, and GitHub. In both cases I assume it's more that the email ends up being public, not because of something like Apollo.
I guess it's possible that spam is getting filtered before it ever hits my inbox.
Edit: I was responding to the idea of it leading to spam, not that Apollo wasn't collecting information on me.
For those curious: I signed up with Apollo and looked at what they had on me (via the link in the flagged/dead post by fontain). The email address they have is technically correct, but it's a non-current work email. It's still active and I do get a lot of senseless/bizarre business sales inquiries on that address. The phone number they have is wrong and I don't recognize it. They have my LinkedIn byline; it's likely how I was 'found' so quickly, as my username is the same there. I'm listed as cold.
I have had the same work email address for 13 years. I have done lots of hardware and software purchasing in that time, and I am never shy of using my work email to sign up for things and give to account managers etc. It is used on my microsoft SSO, my Dell business account, my slack account etc etc.
After I jumped through all their hoops to opt out, I got this email from them:
"We searched our records with your email: xxx@xxxxxx but could not find any information associated to it in our databases. We will keep your email: xxx@xxxxxx in our suppression list in order not to create any data associated with your email. "
So I guess they might not be as ubiquitous in their data capture as you may have thought? Or they are straight up lying.
I did a search (DDG, Chromium) for an Anker product line that I've been following. Clicked the link to Anker, skimmed, nothing new.
Then shortly I get an email from "Checkmate" with a promo offer.
I don't have an Anker account or whatever, don't recall signing in. I figure it's fingerprinting or cookies, but so far it's never been so overt.
I feel like this is an indicator of something, some sea change. Of needing to squeeze more water from the stone. My phone's been blowing up with spam calls since. I've been mysteriously added to email lists. I'm getting short-code text spam in addition to the regular spam, which when I report to 7726, AT&T basically tells me it's fine, it's paid for.
This may be a ploy to get me to turn the AI features back on in Gmail, but it feels like somewhere, lines have been crossed.
Lines have absolutely been crossed and there is no going back without a lot of political will
There are no rules anymore. The internet started it, and AI companies proved it. We're much worse of for it. The social contract is extremely flimsy nowadays
ZoomInfo is the most aggressive about this.
re apollo: inbox scraping is what they're describing here [1]
> Apollo does leverage its large network of over 2 million contributors to improve the scope and accuracy of its database of business contact information and run verification checks that result in a better user experience for its entire customer base. Most of the data we collect from our Apollo users simply forms part of our verification system to check and confirm existing information in the Apollo database.
[1] https://knowledge.apollo.io/hc/en-us/articles/20727684184589...
The landing page for Apollo.io says it's a "AI sales platform". In other words, a CRM. My guess is that someone on the sales team uploaded the entire customer list for sales purposes, not realizing the privacy implications.
If only.
That's not mutually exclusive with "someone on the sales team uploaded the entire customer list for sales purposes, not realizing the privacy implications".
>more frequently than databreaches.
You're fighting against both hanlon's razor and occam's razor here. The OP states the leak came from Apollo, and as other commenters have noted, Apollo specifically has a "Contributor Network" that shares email lists with other companies, and isn't well documented. It's not hard to imagine how this was done unintentionally. On the other hand there's no evidence to suggest this was done intentionally, other generic cynicism of "businesses do things in the business's interest" or whatever.
What is more likely? Everyone at an organization's IT, sales and data protection department is incapable of doing their job, or someone doesn't give a damn, calculating, that preventing such things from happening costs too much?
Don't assume businesses operate the same way some job-hunting person on monday morning is.
I think a lot of services will "de-alias" the email addresses from these tricks to prevent alts, account spam, and to still target the "real" account holder email. So the old tricks like "<name>+<website>@<host.com>" is not considered a unique email from "<name>@<host.com>". Unless your site-specific emails are completely new inbox aliases, then I don't think this is as effective as people think it is anymore.
Even if it's a "new" alias, I often see people[1] using simple schemes to derive the address, eg. facebook@mydomain.example. With cheap LLMs it's not hard to automatically guess what the underlying pattern is.
edit:
[1] ie. in this very thread
No I'm not trying to hack you.
Which in hindsight is also what a hacker would say. I can't win...
They know their way around IT security! /s
It's always an unpleasant surprise when some company terminates a years-old, active and valid account because of a stupid policy change on their part.
Sometimes customer support staff bring up "oh, do you work at <company> too"? I just tell them that I created an email address just for their company, in case they spam me.
Aside from issues such as the business entity (sometimes silently) prohibiting their name in my email address, I have sometimes encountered cases where part of the email validation process checks to see if the email server is a catchall, and rejects the email address if it is. It takes a little extra effort on my part to make a new alias, but sometimes it's required.
Lots of organizations (such as PoS system providers) will associate an email I provided with credit card number, and when I use the card at a completely different place, they'll automatically populate my email with the (totally unrelated) one that they have. Same goes for telephone numbers.
I've had many incidents similar to the author. More often than not, it's a rouge employee or a compromised computer, but sometimes it is as nefarious as the author's story.
How is this possible? Do they test sending to a few random addresses?
I will also not hold my breath waiting for the legally required breach notification they are supposed to send.
Oh boy, I had many of these conversations and especially non technical people never grasp the concept, I had some cases where they demanded to change it and use a “real email like gmail!!”, one time I bought shoes and the store guy asked me the email to signup for whatever, so I read the shoe’s name and added the custom domain, gave me the the look as if I am bullshitting him. Another at a government connected agency and she thought “I work there because I have the agency email” despite it is the alias not the domain.
But similar to OP, few times I found the service is leaking my email, or they got compromised who knew.
Many years ago, before I started using iCloud Mail, I was running my own email server and had it set up to forward everything sent to any address on my domain to my inbox. The advantage was that I could invent random aliases any time I wanted and didn’t even need to do anything on the server for those emails to get delivered to my main inbox. The very big drawback as I soon experienced was that spammers would email a lot of different email addresses on my domain that never existed but because I was going catch-all, would also get delivered to my main inbox. They’d be all kinds of email addresses like joe@ or sales@ or what have you. So apparently they were guessing common addresses and because I was accepting everything I’d also get tons of spam.
Initial account creation confirmation email, and maybe even some newsletters, were sent from noreply@ some domain. Responding to such an email address directly will likely either bounce or be silently dropped on their side, as indicated by them using noreply as the sender address.
The website might say to email support@ their domain. But because like you point out iCloud alias addresses cannot be used as sender when composing a new message, and I don’t have any past received emails from that address, I can’t email them using the same alias email address that I used to create an account.
And of course if the account belongs to jumping.carrot-1j@icloud.com and I instead send an email to them from a different sender address, then they will be sceptical about whether it really is the account owner trying to get in touch or some impostor. Assuming they don’t completely ignore the email on that grounds, you might eventually get support if you are able to either answer questions from them about past invoice amounts and dates or similar, or if they are willing to email the original account owner address from their support address. But it’s extra hassle, if they even bother to respond at all.
Fortunately most websites have a contact form or similar to get in touch with their support, but there are a few sites that have an email address as the only way to contact their support.
As well as simply attributing leaks, it’s most valuable as a phishing filter. Why would my bank ever email an address I only used to trial dog food delivery?
> A third-party service used by BrowserStack siphons off information to send to others.
> An employee or contractor at BrowserStack is exfiltrating user data and transferring it elsewhere.
Or the simpler answer, their db/email list has been compromised.
Are there actually companies that will pay you $$$ for a list of emails?
Again, "sell" implies that there's some company where they'll accept data from anyone and pay them for it, which so far as I can tell doesn't exist. That's not to say there's no selling going on. The fact that data brokers exist means they do, but that doesn't mean every business is in a position to "sell" data.
Im pretty sure he is not a mythical being!
It’s not. I give a unique email address to every service I register with, which means I can see who is leaking my email address. Very few of them leak my email address at all, and those that do tend to do so involuntarily through data breaches.
The other main factors in spam are the sleazeballs at Apollo, ZoomInfo, et al., services that use my email address internally for more than I consented (if I use my email address to register for a service, this does not permit that service to add me to their product mailing list), and the spammers who guess email addresses based on LinkedIn info (e.g. name + company domain).
The number of services who appear to take an email address I have given them and sell it appear to be extremely rare.
Most mail providers also support plus addresses or wildcard local parts, so you can do jim+<some-id>@example.com or just <some-id>@example.com. Gmail supports plus addresses, for instance. The downside is that some services reject pluses and some spammers strip out the IDs.
> Or the simpler answer, their db/email list has been compromised.
I find the first option far simpler.
Outlook rules match on them too, for rules.
If you are using +labels on your addresses and think you are being clever enough to spot companies that sell your data, I can tell you I have personally seen companies use code to strip these labels before selling profiled data.
> Consent must be "freely given, specific, informed, and unambiguous."
and
> Apollo notifies them when their data is added to Apollo's database of business contact information and provides them with instructions on how to opt out.
https://knowledge.apollo.io/hc/en-us/articles/4409141087757-...
Now, their claim appears to be that they're processing business contact data under the legal basis of "Legitimate Interests". But as much as I am a big fan of not doing things that require a legal basis of "Consent", I'm unconvinced that they ensure their customers are sticking as tightly to their basis as they ought to be if they wish to claim it.
In other words: yes, if you have a CRM in then you might derive legitimate interests in sharing with Apollo. But you need to make sure you actually have the right legal basis for putting customer details into your CRM, and your support database almost certainly does not hold appropriate data!
So ultimately I think this is on both Browserstack (for connecting and sharing data other than in accordance with a legal basis) and Apollo (for making it too easy for their customers to send them data without a sound legal basis and then for sharing that data without suitably validating they had the legal basis to).
Apollo's privacy centre makes all the right claims about how they comply with GDPR, but the OP's story demonstrates that they're not as scrupulous in their verification as they claim to be. And strictly, both should be reporting the breach and taking steps to ensure it doesn't recur.
I wonder if both of these companies were compromised by a shared vulnerability in headless Chrome? Or else just a coincidence that 2 headless browser companies got hacked at the same time?
I run a headless browser fingerprinting project and have found that URLs that I only fetched via BrightData have subsequently had fetches by Anthropic's Claudebot.
I think most likely an attacker who has the customer data is using Claude to analyse it.
Paper: https://xianghang.me/files/resi_paper.pdf Medium Article: https://medium.com/@xianghangmi/resident-evil-understanding-...
Caught quite a few leakers that way, by using specific addresses for specific sites or categories of sites
(Last time I tried, Gmail's aliases were useless; they included your real address in the alias!)
Web scanners though aren't people, and easily noticed them, thus building up a database of email addresses to spam people.
It was discovered when a friend mentioned that one of their uniquely generated email addresses was being used by spammers. Similar to this post.
So, we got in contact with the forum people to let them know, and they tracked down + fixed the problem.
Perhaps a similar thing is happening to the article author, rather than purposely malicious behaviour?
Selling email lists is business. Not selling email lists is, in some cases, much smarter, much more hard-nosed business, and is exactly what you would expect from Amazon.
When your only product is email addresses, you will sell them to anybody trying to sell other shit.
When you sell all the possible kinds of shit in the world, why on earth would you enable your competitors by giving them any form of access to your customer list?
I don’t know how to stop it
I'd like to see that concept replicated to other email services. I don't particularly like all the other opinionated choices of Hey.com (especially the fact that you can't use IMAP).
I imagine this can be achieved with most mailboxes with a simple deny all rule and then cherry picking email addresses to whitelist.
The initial email verification sent to you (“click here to confirm your email address”) includes an attachment requesting an auth token. Emails with this attachment get presented to the user in something akin to a friend request for email, with a consent screen describing how they intend to use your email and for how long. Approving the request hands them a Biscuit token.
The sender attenuates this token when sending email to you or when sharing with a third party provider like Mailchimp. Any emails authorised by a token automatically skip all spam filters. This is the carrot for senders to adopt – they can stop worrying about all the deliverability and IP reputation nonsense and can just send direct from their own servers, reversing the centralisation of email and making it more reliable by skipping spam filter heuristics.
All of these emails have reliable provenance and traceability. If a leak / abuse happens, you can revoke the token and any emails sent with it. Senders can also proactively revoke any tokens provided to third-parties in case they were breached, without affecting the sender’s ability to send themselves or through other providers.
Once a critical mass hits, you can auto-deny anything without a token. At this point, all the email you receive is from somebody who has obtained your explicit consent to do so.