There’s a lot of speculation about how this was achieved, but little mention of the likely weapon system that was used: https://israel-alma.org/the-growing-air-defense-capabilities...

The SA-67 is essentially a hybrid surface-to-air missile and loitering drone that operates like an airborne mine. It’s a pretty innovative weapon: instead of relying on a fast, highly detectable rocket motor, it uses a small gas turbine and passive infrared seeker to silently loiter in a combat zone and then ambush aircraft without ever triggering their traditional radar warning receivers.