Here’s a good article from the YouGov site that describes their methodology: http://today.yougov.com/news/2012/10/23/obama-stays-ahead-ju...
"According to US census data, just 71% of eligible Americans are registered to vote. In 2008, almost 90% of those who were registered did vote. So in any poll, it is vital to know which respondents are on the register."
But there're a few more interesting subtleties in there too, so it's worth a read.