In sycamore, the component function only ever runs a single time. Instead, Sycamore uses a reactive graph to automatically keep track of dependencies. This graph ensures that state is always kept up to date. Many other libraries also have similar systems but only a few of them ensure that it is _impossible_ to read inconsistent state. Finally, any updates propagate eagerly so it is very clear at any time when any expensive computation might be happening.
For more details, check out: https://sycamore.dev/book/introduction/adding-state