Probably your DNS -- the archive.today guy is a stickler that dns must pass client subnet to partially deanonymize visitors, and for instance, cloudflare's 1.1.1.1 server doesn't pass it. I think that's still the case.
I do stumble over looping captcha issues on archive.* occasionally as well. In my case, it usually helps to change my VPN location.
Suddenly got that too. I let archives push me off quad9 but now cloudflare has to go too? Hmmm IDK if I want to read this article that bad.
Seemed to affect me in Firefox but not Safari, maybe something in cookies