They implemented the Where On Earth ID (WOEID) which was a super useful way of disambiguating different places that shared latitude and longitude (for example, being able to disambiguate the Sydney Opera House, Circular Quay and Sydney Harbour which all can potentially share the same lat/long co-ords).
They implemented machine tags which are tags in the form of -
namespace:predicate=value
Which, when it was implemented by other sites with machine tags allowed you to get and group all kinds of interesting combinations of content.
Yeah, honestly flickr had some incredible tech the was so much fun to explore and use. That their vision of what the web could be wasn't the one that won is one of the great losses of the web IMO.