While the connections are interesting, I would be as interested in the disconnects, as there's a bunch of cases where our human intuitions can fail us in subtle ways. This is actually one of the lessons I treasure from mathematics: it has helped me grow a healthy set of alarm bells for those unintuitive cases. Especially for probability and statistics.
For the general reader, two books by David Spiegelhalter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Spiegelhalter) are relevant here;
1) The Art of Uncertainty: How to Navigate Chance, Ignorance, Risk and Luck.
2) The Art of Statistics: Learning from Data.
And of course, all the books by Nassim Taleb.
See, for example, the book "Mathematica" by David Bessis, or this blog post: https://davidbessis.substack.com/p/thinking-fast-slow-and-su...
https://www.econtalk.org/a-mind-blowing-way-of-looking-at-ma...
There is also Intuition in Science and Mathematics: An Educational Approach by Efraim Fischbein - https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/0-306-47237-6