Easy practical definition: something you couldn't make in your own kitchen no matter how good of a chef you were. eg you could can beans, you couldn't make a poptart.
Perhaps I'm just looking for too sharp of an edge on the definition. It's just that the examples in the article are something that make me doubt the entire ontology.
I wish journalists would run their examples like these by the researchers directly to see if the journalist's conception of the idea matches the researchers.
The fact that enriched white pasta isn't included on the ultra-processed list shows that they're using some criteria outside of how processed the food is to make the list.