Indo-European Explorer: A 6k-Year Journey
indo-european-explorer.com
indo-european-explorer.com
They killed all the males and enslaved the women.
The first part of this is supported by an increasing number of archaeological finds. AFAIK the second part is not.
Also saying that words for things outside the home tend to PIE origins but things inside the home tend to non-PIE (i.e. pre-invasion) languages, supporting the idea that incoming males displaced & replaced existing males, taking the females.
Also saying that all in all, it mostly supports the theories originally proposed by the late Marija Gimbutas.
If only the male lineages were replaced, it generally means that the yamnaya did not move in enormous numbers. Rather it means that male yamnayans and their male descendants ruled and use their privileged positions to outbreed the local males.
Mass migration would indicated a major shift in both the male and female lineages. Predominantly male lineage shift indicates rule. It's the difference between the US and mexico. In the US we had a complete genocide of the natives ( male and female lineages ) due to mass migration from europe. Mexico never experienced a mass migration from europe. Instead, the europeans took over the leadership of the aztecs/mexico and use their privileged position to outbreed the local males. It's why in mexico today most male lineages are european while almost all the female lineages are native. Whereas in the US, most of the male and female lineages are european while almost none of the male and female lineages are native.
> but the DNA evidence has shifted the balance decisively toward mass migration as the primary driver in Europe.
This is easy to verify. Do they follow the pattern of the US or Mexico? What are the female lineages in europe?