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> Back in 2021, a study in Nature Geosciences showed that the AMOC was the weakest it’s been in more than 1,000 years.

Out of curiosity, what happened 1000 years ago to make it so weak? 1000 years ago is still human time scales - there were people living in europe and north america at the time. We have written records from the europeans at least. Its not like this was 100,000 years ago.

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the further back you go, the less evidence we have. we don't know it was this week 1000 years ago, it's just that the error bars got big enough that we can't yet rule it out.

I guess this is the study https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00699-z unfortunately i can only see the abstract so its hard to say.

Here you go: https://sci-hub.ru/10.1038/s41561-021-00699-z

1000 years ago there was the medieval warm period which at least for Northern Europe provided warmer temperatures than today (eg grapes in the Netherlands)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Warm_Period

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