That includes cars on public roads.

Yep. https://www.transitwiki.org/TransitWiki/index.php/Farebox_Re... is a sobering reminder that many cities’ public transportation would cost $20-50 per trip if paid entirely by riders and thus could not exist without subsidy.

NYC congestion pricing seems to be working quite well though, and probably helps offset MTA costs.

Neither is any private transportation system?

Public transportation is the backbone of a functioning economy. It doesn't need to be fully paid by riders precisely because the rest of society benefits from it multiple times over.