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VHDL vs Verilog is a good parallel from the chip world. VHDL was designed from ground up.

Verilog is loosely based on C. Most designs are done in Verilog.

VHDL tends to reign in European hardware companies.

I wonder why there aren't many successful European hardware products.

I would assert any company that doesn't go bankrupt is successful, doesn't need to be late stage capitalism.

Other than that, Nokia until Microsoft placed an agent on it, Phillips that contributed to CDs, ASML...

Three is not many

" any company that doesn't go bankrupt is successful"

ST, Infineon, ARM(!!), NXP, Raspberry Pi Holdings, Nordic Semiconductor (original developers of AVR, now known for Bluetooth chips and auch)...

And Japan, I'm told.

Well, VHDL was heavily based on Ada.