In the case of China, I believe it's government or CCP-controlled entities, and the end-game is something more nefarious.
For India, IMO it's private industry. They're just trying to make a buck.
And, I'd say, the US is known to do this. I'll lead with 'Project Azorian' to back it up.
Almost all the Indian subreddits are against the current government. You will be banned from a subreddit even if you rightly speak in support of current government on Reddit.
It's hard to take your rest of your comment seriously if you are blatantly dishonest about this.
In the case of IP address purchases, these are publicly tied to specific public and private entities and can be easily queried through the regional registries. These private entities are frequently the same kind of shell company you'll get with hiding shady financial details.
You have to take these issues with nuance instead of looking at them black and white.
If the US government gives you a billion dollar subsidy to do some particular action, is the action that is done the will of the corporation or the will of the government?
If the US government is paying private companies to 'gain information on' foreign entities, is that the will of the private companies or of the government itself?
If when a US company acquires a resource the US government can ask nicely for it with the threat of implied violence if you don't give it, is that a private resource or not?
And, note, I'm talking about the US that has relatively strong property rights and not about China where the government has far more leeway with the operation of companies, and absolutely uses them for nation state level information gathering.
In China, there is no meaningful difference between the party and any Chinese company. Companies are seed funded by the state and carry the will of the state. There is no "come back with a court order" in China. And even if there was, the courts are also just another arm of the party.