from Indoeuropean "gwen" over scandinavian "kvinna" = Woman
And a longer text, https://blog.oup.com/2011/10/wife/
Also, gynecology has the same roots.
Correct me if I am misunderstanding what you meant, but Dutch has koningin and German has Königin? They are basically a feminized version of king.
The translator's curse of a language having lots of synonyms, the subtleties of which don't map directly on to English. None of those seem particularly similar to queen/kvinne?