What I see here are two larger issues at work of which "Piracy" and TPB happens to be the battleground. The first is the level of control large media conglomerates have over both culture and government. This concept is a dead horse, so I won't beat it here. The other, in more generic terms, is the interesting fight between a service that wants to exist (and the people who want it to exist) and those entities that want that service destroyed.
On a more generic level, the fight between governments and media corporations and the Pirate Bay are interesting from a technological and ideological standpoint; How does a service stay operational against a large and well financed fight that wants to shut it down?
While "Piracy" is the very visible fight, this question is likewise relevant to activists and protesters as well as free speech in repressive governments. It is also relevant to providers that are attacked by malcontents, black hat organizations, and less-than-egalitarian governments that are attempting to disrupt their services.
Whatever you think of TPB, you have to give them credit for being both nimble and technologically savvy in solving a problem of service disruption against what many would see as long odds. They give us an interesting case study of how to deal with service disruption and how it can be dealt with. All the companies that pass through HN have to deal with the problems of Uptime, especially in the case of adversarial situations that are beyond our control.
This particular case is interesting because the service is dealing with a well organized and deliberate attack against it as well as it's users. Downtime due to malicious hackers and automated attacks is a thorny problem. It becomes trickier when we want to protect sensitive customer data.
While I don't expect a detailed technical breakdown of their systems, I would love to read their whitepaper.