Hypothecally speaking.
If I were to live in an authoritarian country that would shut off all means of communication like that. What off grid technology would be viable?
Lora? Shortwave radio? Or nothing at all?
Lora? Shortwave radio? Or nothing at all?
my real answer : I think at that point in time effort is best spent trying to arrange escape.
my technical answer : depends on the scene. directed optical/laser or microwave is very hard to track if that can facilitate the links you need -- but realistically most war-time off-grid comms historically has been established via runners, dropboxes, or community radio systems ; all options with very real inherent risks.
There are two main issues with such an application that I can think of:
1. Addressing. How would the nodes know where to send the packet? But I assume there are ways to deal with that which come from the P2P networks like Tor.
2. Edge connectivity. Even if it would be possible to communicate between the regular nodes of the network, those packets would not be able to reach the outside world. So, from abroad or even from the out of town, they would still appear offline. Some kind of edge bridges would probably be necessary to reach connectivity with the outside world.
Maybe more practically in Tibet I had a Thuraya sat phone which you weren't supposed to have but I don't think there's much they could do about those except maybe search you.