Maybe it’s country-specific, but most banks I know support a card reader or photoTAN device. You don’t need to use a phone.
And I have no idea why, but no bank offers photoTAN devices in my country. They seem like an interesting concept, even though I imagine the underlying hardware isn't far from that of a phone, in the end.
Previously there were also so called "flicker TAN" approaches: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaktionsnummer#chipTAN_com...
Sparkassen: https://www.sparkassen-shop.de/home/shop/tan-generatoren,375...