What is an example of a framework that does things in a wholly different way? Everything I'm familiar with is a variation on well explored ideas from the 60s-70s.

If you had someone familiar with every computer science concept, every textbook, every paper, etc. up to say 2010 (or even 2000 or earlier), along with deep experience using dozens of programming languages, and you sat them down to look at a codebase, what could you put in front of them that they couldn't describe to you with words they already know?