There is indeed. Take a look at require.extensions:
http://nodejs.org/api/globals.html#globals_require_extension...
http://nodejs.org/api/globals.html#globals_require_extension...
Now I'm looking at the sweet.js source where they register the extension, and there's some additional magic I don't recognize; is module._compile documented somewhere that I just can't find, or is that getting added somewhere in the sweet.js code?
As an aside, here's the relevant bit of code that loads the (already compiled) source as a module: https://github.com/joyent/node/blob/master/lib/module.js#L40...