This might be defacto true in most workplaces, but defending "politics over competence" boils down to "I deserve the rewards from other people's work".
People oppose it because it is morally wrong, not because they think it is an inaccurate description of reality.
In academia, for example, there is less politics because the publishing system sort of becomes the decision process. You apply with your ideas in the form of papers, the referees decide if your ideas are good enough (and demonstrated well enough) for the wider audience to even get to see. Then some politics, a popularity contest. But crucially this system famously leads to a LOT of resources being wasted, good research that never goes anywhere because nobody cares about it, or bad research that does nothing but everyone cares (cold fusion).
Politics is just a name for how we decide things. And yes, it sucks, but that's because we suck.
Academia is notorious for politics, especially around tenure and grants, scholarships, etc.
Publication politics are just a small part of that, but even there, working out which name goes in what order of the authorship of the paper is political.
Sometimes it's just bullshit.
Learn the lingo, the language, the proper way of posturing and the correct way to shirk responsibility and that's what matters in certain orgs.
I sound really bitter, but I'm not, I'm actually quite good at the game and I've proven that, I just don't really like the game because it doesn't translate into being able to take pride in what I've done. It's all about serving egos. Your own and others.
Every french multinational I've worked for is entirely built on this.
Good. I failed and very likely about to face consequences.
Fuck the posers. Do real shit.
My previous company is in a bad position and many such folks are finally being outed. But it takes lots and lots of screwing up before the fat is trimmed.
Guess this is just random evolution at play. Some companies will pay a bigger price than others. And not everyone even recognizes it and pinpoint it like you did.
But overall influencing people is on net good skill for the individual. And what is good for the geese is good for the gander??
The problem is that typically a large company has one or a few golden geese. They can milk it for a long time because of an existing moat. The moat keeps shrinking, but it can sometimes take a decade or two for others to catch up.[1] That's plenty of time for such folks to make a career of playing politics well without contributing much.
Lots of people at that company left before things went bad and are poisoning other companies.
[1] Just look at Google and search. Or Microsoft and Windows. Or even Microsoft and Internet Explorer.
Most of my "influencing" is just repeatedly explaining things to people and letting them think through all the bad ideas and dead ends themselves.
If you're a software developer you must have thought "current priorities are not right, we should do X for the users / Y to get better quality" and tried to influence your management to get those priorities moved. Maybe by starting a campaign with your users so the demands come from multiple services and not just you, or by measuring quality indicators and showing how what you want to implement would improve them etc.
That's why you want to start getting coffee with people, maybe go outside with the smokers. It can take months of "work" to get people to propose the idea you want done.
But this kind of influencing won't help your career.
Less a comment for yourself and more for the reader by the way. It is important to know what you want and strive for that.