You also bring up an interesting time in ham radio history that a lot of newer hams are largely unaware of; WWII. Amateur radio thrives on communication globally, so anyone from the US could talk to anyone from any other country. The need for restrictions of the bands became obvious in the years leading up to the US entering the war, with various countries that were once accessible by radio going dark. The US logically followed suit, but operators were still monitoring.
There's a great article on this time in amateur radio history here; https://bw.billl.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Radio-Histor...
https://forums.radioreference.com/threads/ham-license-for-no...
Looking at the current form 605 it still doesn't seem to list any citizenship requirement, only that you do not represent a foreign government.
https://www.arrl.org/files/file/VEs/NCVEC_Form_605_July_2022...
I think the deciding factor would be whether you can convince the examiner the ID is legitimate.
You can get your license using a PO box... it's not perfect, but its better than giving everyone your home address.
Approximately anyone can.