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You're comparing a language with a framework. Better comparison would be Rust (with your choices of libraries) vs Ruby (with your choices of libraries).

If you want to compare with Rails, you need to compare with battery included Rust frameworks with equivalent batteries and convention.

I literally rewrote the whole app, so I think I have a pretty great basis for comparison

Any language with a half decent typing system would have improved the easiness to follow code around. C#, Go, PHP, TypeScript, etc.

Ruby/Rails is awesome but it's a bit too magical sometimes and, lacking types by default, doesn't help either.

Was your app converted to use some Rust framework, or just Rust?

I use Axum+SQLx and for html templates I use Maud. The plan is to move to Dioxus as a step 2