This sounds like a bug, whether it be in your code, the map implementation, or even the debugger. Map keys are not mutable, and neither are strings.
edit: this part below was originally a part of the comment I'm replying to
Hypotheses: you were modifying the map in another goroutine (do not share maps between goroutines unless they all treat it as read-only), the map implementation had some short-circuit logic for strings which was broken (file a bug report/it's probably already fixed), the debugger paused execution at an unsafe location (e.g. in the middle of non-user code), or the debugger incorrectly interpreted the contents of the map.