A proposed amendment to ban under 16s in the UK from common online services
decoded.legal
decoded.legal
In short, governments want to retain control and prepare for the future, and to retain control they need to control the flow of information and they need to have a monopoly on information. To achieve this they need an intelligence strategy that puts common people at the center (spying on them) and put restrictions in place. But they can't say this outloud because in the current era it's problematic, so the children become a good excuse.
This is particularly clear in governments that don't care about political correctness or are not competent enough to disguise their intentions. Such an example is the Argentine government, which these years passed laws to survey online activity and to put it's intelligence agency to spy on "anyone that puts sovereign narrative and cohesion at risk".
Edit: To expand, this is not just a flippant remark. People ignore Andrew Tate because he's so obviously, cartoonishly awful, but they are not the audience. It's aimed at children, and from personal experience its effect on a large number of them worldwide is profound, to the extent that I worry about the long term, generational effect.
Children will be exposed to narratives one way or another, and to want to (re)assert some control that over that isn't necessarily just an authoritatian power play.
When your future looks like endless toil just so you can give half of the fruits of your labor to subsidize senile politicians/their friends (via taxes) and the other half to subsidize boomers (via rent), Tate's messaging and whatever get-rich-quick scheme he's currently hawking sounds appealing.
You can ban Tate but without solving the reason behind why people look up to him it's just a matter of time before another grifter takes his place.
Just look at the HN comments. There are people welcoming this level of government control and using famous moral panic topics to justify it, like Andrew Tate or TikTok.
People and especially kids drink too much soda but I don't think bans are appropriate.
Moral panic usually rises to the level where the threat is viewed as so severe to the fabric of society that excessive laws and regulations are welcomed as a solution. People engaged in moral panic start to believe that their normal baseline values for topics like freedom of expression and innocent until proven guilty can be suspended due to the urgency and magnitude of the threat.
If you're just lamenting the fact that too much soda is consumed, I wouldn't call that a moral panic.
That shit didn't just happen. Social media only became ontologically evil once it presented a threat to the status quo by allowing the underclasses to organize and establish political power, and when it started to undermine mainstream propaganda narratives.
It's no coincidence that TikTok is being described as a CCP weapon of war and indoctrination when it starts leading people to question their government's foreign policy and capitalism. Can't have that.
In a democracy, if you gave full control over local media to a foreign nation, do you see how that could lead to problems, or would you be fine with that?
And it's weird that you mistrust the influence of something as banal as TikTok but apparently believe the moral panic around social media and TikTok specifically is entirely organic. Because I guess there is no such thing as propaganda or influence operations on Western social media?
If you're worried about foreign influence on social media literally every Western platform is being aggressively manipulated by both foreign and Western intelligence. It just got revealed that most of the MAGA accounts on Twitter were foreign, likely Russian-based networks. The platform that serves as the de facto psychological operations and communications channel for the current Presidental administration.
But it's just TikTok and the Chinese mind control we should worry about?
Politicians having control over media is always a problem, but it got much worse thanks to inherent centralization of modern media, so more regulatory pushback is needed now than in the newspaper age. I'd also argue that foreigners having media control is typically worse because incentives are even less aligned with voters.
There's plenty of evidence of Russian influence operations affecting Western elections on Facebook and Twitter.
Where is the evidence that the CCP is controlling people's minds and rigging Western elections through TikTok?
https://archive.ph/2025.08.13-190800/https://www.thetimes.co...
This isn't some tin foiled hat wearing nonsense, every person I talk to seems think that ending anonymity online would be a good thing, until I explain the democracy protecting use cases,i.e. whistle blowers.
All the organising I'm seeing is of people who are convinced the earth is flat and that vaccines cause autism. I'd love to see an actual political group that's not just "Britain First" appear in my social media ever.
It was super interesting to watch, for instance, the discussions between liberal and leftist black women around Harris, Gaza, and the 2024 election. If you just swipe out of videos that aren't things you're okay with pretty quickly, then it will change your feed dramatically in a short time.
If democratic outputs can be sufficiently controlled via media that is for sale, then you already have a de-facto plutocracy.
Similarly, allowing foreign interests a significant media presence (and control) in your country is a very real threat to the basic principles of a democratic nation.
I don't advocate legal bans. And people need to stop using it. The risk is great that there will be legal overreach ...
A decade and some time later, my personal opinion would be that the narrative reads something like this: "access to social media increases populism, extremism, and social unrest. It's a risk to any and all forms of government. The Arab dictatorships failed first because they were the most brittle."
To the extent that you agree with my claim, it would mean that even a beneficent government would have something to fear from social media. As with the Arab Spring, whatever comes after the revolution is often worse than the very-imperfect government which came before.
I don't think this is necessarily a byproduct of social media, itself. But rather, the byproduct of algorithmic engagement farming social media that capitalizes on inciting negative emotions for retention. Which, I concede, is all of the large ones.
I'm sure, also, that some amount of cause will also be concern of foreign adversaries using social media to sway young people against their government as well. Since they're easier to influence than your typical adult.
Very fair, and I use the two interchangeably. In principle you could have (and we have previously had) social media without this sort of algorithmic or virality features.
I'd say that governments are beneficial to the extent that they adapt to the people they're governing. It's clear that social media poses a grave danger to current governance. But that doesn't mean that all forms of governance are equally attacked.
My belief is that the current governance is just obsolete and dying because of the pace of cultural and technical innovation. Governments will need to change in order to stay beneficial to people, and the change is to adapt to people instead of making the people adapt to the current governance.
A democracy that yields sufficient media control to (single) individuals, corporations or foreign nations is basically commiting suicide.
That's just as true when the entity seizing control is the government, such that the entity that control public sentiment and election outcomes is the incumbent administration.
But the question is how much this applies, especially in most western states; there is a huge spectrum between having some government-determined regulation (or funding) for media and a single individual politician being in full control of all media content.
I'd argue that Turkey/Hungary or past-Italy under Berlusconi were all much farther along that spectrum than most western nations right now, US included.
You betcha the gerontocracy sees something brewing.
It's not stupid —at a national future-of-society level— to want to do something about this. I agree, it's possible to overreach and just get it wrong, but doing nothing is worse.
This proposed amendment shows exactly why this entire concept is problematic. The definition of social media site is this:
> by regulations made my statutory instrument require all regulated user-to-user services to use highly-effective age assurance measures to prevent children under the age of 16 from becoming or being users.
Now imagine all of the user-to-user services you use on the internet: Hacker News, Discord, Signal, any messaging app, the comment section on your favorite news websites. Even Wikipedia is a user-to-user website.
The second point that people calling for heavy regulation neglect is that the only way to keep under-16s out of these websites is to enforce age verification on everyone who visits the website. So HN would require ID verification, and Discord, and your messaging apps. I always see ideas about creating age verification services that don’t disclose ID information, but a key part of age verification is confirming (as reasonably possible) that the person presenting the ID with the age on it is the same person who is trying to use the service. The same reason a 16 year old can’t walk into a liquor store with their mom’s ID is going to be applied to these age checks, requiring that the sites make an effort to associate an ID with the user. Otherwise, kids are smart and will borrow their parents or older friends’ IDs or even use online black market services if there are no negative consequences for sharing IDs that perform anonymous age checks. Associating IDs with user accounts is a key part of age check legislation.
I had a laptop in school at that age. I managed it.
Anyway, I would think that having a simple, locked-down OS at school is preferable than having a laptop on which they can do whatever they want, at least to the issue of being distracted in class.
Also, a related comment points out that not all is doom-and-gloom - surprisingly, schools can actually implement sane usage restrictions for laptops in class.
This may be true, but even more preferable than this would be no laptop.
My 15 year old can touch type(*) at about 60wpm, knows how to browse the Internet and drive a search engine effectively, can create reasonable presentations using Powerpoint or equivalent, can create nicely formatted docs, is comfortable with spreadsheets, not be fazed by online forms or similar, has a basic understanding of cyber-security/safety, password security and password reuse, spotting scams, etc.
All of these are useful skills that my parents in their 70s struggle with.
Having a phone means they're able to keep in touch with their friends far more effectively than I was when I was that age. They can keep in touch with us (parents) much more easily. They can see how much money they have as they've got a banking app on their phone. They can check the weather themselves. They can check the train and bus times themselves.
I trust my kid to use the phone (and laptop) responsibly. In return they know that I will occasionally ask to check what they're doing just to make sure they're safe. I don't want to have to police it.
Back to the school bit, they could be doing Maths questions from a piece of paper or in a book, which they do do some or most of the time, but their engagement levels seem good when doing it on a laptop via Sparx or MyMaths or whatever. Plus things can be a lot more interactive on a laptop/tablet. Being able to tweak values/variables/functions/etc and see how things change in real time, that's laborious to do again and again with pencil and paper.
> They're not learning computing.
No, but most will have that option to if they want. My kid wasn't interested and so didn't choose Computer Science as an option despite being able to do various simple things in python. Their interests lay elsewhere (sport, music, etc).
* I remember watching when my kid sat down at my work computer and wasn't fazed at all by the entirely blank keyboard I use. There was just a "oh, that's cool" and off they went typing away.
If you’ve spent any time in a classroom in the last 5 years you’d know there are some kids who manage it, and lots of kids who absolutely don’t.
Depends on the school obviously, but at my 15 year old's school they default to their laptops staying in their bag and only get them out for specific tasks when directed by the teacher. The rest of the time the laptop is in their bag. They don't just sit there staring at a laptop during every lesson and goofing around on the Internet.
Also all of these school provided laptops have pretty extensive keylogging/etc installed. The laptops are not provided for personal use and the school picks up pretty quickly on any student browsing websites they shouldn't be looking at or typing things they really shouldn't be typing, even when at home and not on the school's wifi. The students are all aware of this and cope quite well.
if you're a parent and you don't want your kids to do something, the answer is to supervise them. should hot stoves and sharp knives require inserting an ID for age verification?
It's hyperbolic, sure, but the broad point that there are things that parents find hard to parent for reasons, and society should think about helping them out, is 100% true.
As it is we have to allow our eldest a lot more screen and social media time than we think is healthy, but it's more healthy than not having any friends.
I'm not necessarily in favour of a government ban, but I do wish more parents were on board. At the primary school (age 10) 100% of other kids had phones, and no one else seemed to give a shit.
Plus, what are you going to say about children of people who aren't very good at parenting? Do they deserve to grow up addicted to dopamine and groomed into fascism? Or should we try to help them too?
I don't like the solution of age verification on every social media website, but the problem is real and must be solved if we want the future to be any good.
It’s no longer user-to-user websites, its user-to government-to-user.
I would also add GitHub and StackOverflow to the list of social media, they have user-to-user interaction and a visible reputation system with gamification. Stretch things a bit and you could even include email. IRC and USENET too of course.
The only time I have seen something sensible was is I think a proposal in a US state, where the social media the ruling is about is clearly defined. I think it has to have user interaction, a personalized algorithmic feed, and a number of specific patterns, such as infinite scroll, essentially Facebook, TikTok, Instagram,... but not Reddit or Hacker News. The good think about that is that the social media in question could "work around" the ruling by stripping off some dark patterns, I would consider it a win should it happen.
Certainly a terrifying amount of responsibility and upkeep for each individual website. If the UK wishes to establish this and not want it to lead to an insane amount of privacy leaks, it should consider developing a technology that makes it work in a privacy-respecting way, like the European Age Verification Solution [0]'s Zero-Knowledge Proofs.
That will turbocharge the draconian lockdown of computing. You will never own a computer you buy every again if that is pushed.
They don’t care about the privacy aspect.
A key part of effective age verification is associating an identity with the account. They don’t just want to confirm that the person accessing the site has access to an ID of anyone who is 16+, they want to make an effort to associate the ID with the account. It’s the same reason why when you present an ID to buy alcohol they look at the photo to make sure the ID is actually yours, not just that you have an ID of someone older in your possession.
World governments are going to crack down hard on the free internet over the next century. A distributed solution is sorely needed.
In the same sense one could argue that social media like Facebook or WhatsApp should be banned among older population because that's one of the major ways mis/fake information being spread among elderly people and now with AI videos they actually believe those fake stories to be 100% true as well. I think that's more risk to modern day democracy and well being of the society in general.
Parents who think they need this are bad parents and bad citizens.
Someone pointed out that every single one of these laws in spirit does not need the website to verify and block the user. There is no need for complicated schemes of all websites implementing complex screening software and storing all our IDs. The website could report a single string saying if there is adult content and software the parent or authoritarian governments ISP has installed on the device could block it.
But protecting children isn't the point
If most of voting age parents want this, then what prevents them from enforcing it on their children. Why do they have to rely on government to be the parent. Maybe those parent should not have been parents in the first place if they need government to step in to raise their children.
The vulnerable elder population is more difficult to define by a simple age threshold. We all decline at different ages and different rates.
> one child's rules will seem draconian against their friend's lax parents.
So what is wrong with that? parenting is not equal among all parents in UK and why should only this aspect be normalized?
> The vulnerable elder population is more difficult to define by a simple age threshold. We all decline at different ages and different rates.
This is a hypocritical statement. For children we are more than willing to normalize and enforce rules as us adults wants because we assume all children grow up at same age and same rates, but when it comes to policing adults, the line is gray and more difficult because everyone is different.
As they say, you can't fix stupid.
In that case only thing I can suggest is to pass a law to assess the eligibility and maturity of people if they want to have children and issue a permit if they are suitable to have and raise children and otherwise they cannot have children.
And that would be a great oportunity to teach that child that those measures exist for a reason.
The government is and must always be a subsidiary actor.
Not every risk must be addressed, otherwise zebra crossings would not exist, or driving would be prohibited.
Driving on public roads is prohibited until a certain age.
That age is 17 here in the UK but me and many of my friends growing up in a rural area learned to drive from the age of 14 or 15 on private land. Our parents would take us there/back, provide the car and be our "instructor". Some friends who lived on farms had cars/trucks/etc of their own that they could use to drive around and their parents were fine to let us try too. But we knew that we were never allowed on public roads.
By the time we all got to 17 we applied for our tests and had a few lessons with an real instructor on real public roads. We still had to learn all of the rules/etiquette/etc but most of us where completely happy with the physical aspects of controlling the vehicle, that saved us a huge amount of time.
My kid is 15 and if a suitable opportunity arises I'll let them have a go behind the wheel (not illegally obviously). Unfortunately I live in a city not a rural area, and don't own a car, so there hasn't been the chance yet.
(In the UK land like a supermarket car park is still considered as public roads despite being privately owned. Generally anywhere where the public can access it easily is not considered "private" in terms of the Road Traffic Act.)
Yeah but, there's no precedent for regulating something that parents are opting into (by buying their kids devices and then turning them loose with no oversight).
We should be punishing liquor stores when a parent willingly buys their child alcohol, then?
That’s how it has been for most everything. Someone else’s parents let their kids watch TV on a school night, or stay up past 10pm, or has a curfew of 1am instead of midnight, or lets them drink soda at the dinner table. The response from my parents to me, and from me to my kids, has always been to point out that families are different, they have different rules, and that in this house we do X.
We need to be banning algorithmic feeds. We need to be banning promotion of hateful content. We need to be banning moderation that is biased against marginalized groups, or against criticism of the platform.
If they weren't being subjected to feeds specifically designed to create maximum "engagement" with fear, hate, and self-doubt, most young people using social media would be interacting in similar ways to how they interact offline. Perhaps there would be a little less inhibition due to the feeling of anonymity, but overall, anything harmful they might be doing or saying to each other on there is very similar to what they would be doing or saying to each other in person, regardless of what social media you let them access.
> There's plenty of precedent in other threshold ages at which children can start indulging in other potentially harmful vices.
In those other vices, we have various other regulations in order to reduce their harm as much as possible. Yet, there has been no similar push for the purported harm done by social media - or, apparently, the Internet in general. It's like we've tried nothing and are surprised it's still an issue.
If you want to restrict kids from social media (which is an open question), I would much prefer that the laws not gate kids from social media directly as this would require social media websites to ask for ID. Rather, abusive parents who don't lock their kids out of social media websites should be sanctioned. First offenders get all of their Internet accesses taken down for a few months.
Parent of a teen here. This is just flatly false.
If you have been a teenager or adult before, you will be familiar with the concept of the clique. For teens, there are athletes, nerds, theater kids, Lululemon kids, etc.
There are cliques of kids who do not use social media (because their parents won't let them, or they don't want to, or they prefer to do something else, or their parents do not use social media, or they cannot afford the devices). Teens who do not use social media sort into different cliques. That's it. They are not ostracized any more than theater kids or computer geeks are ostracized. (The latter inclusion was intentional, as it may cause some self-reflection among well-adjusted adults who at one time were members of school computer clubs.)
I know personally, I was never entirely without social media, but I switched to iPhone because I was so tired of being ostracized with regard to iMessage (this was pre-RCS, perhaps this particular concern has been alleviated)
Sure I guess all the Android users could band together and form a clique and maybe that happened to some extent, but I didn’t wish to associate as an Android user. I don’t imagine kids want “social media Luddite” to be their clique. I wanted to be an outdoorsy kid with tech interests at the most. My choice of phone brand isn’t a part of this identity.
There's an analogy for older folks, which is kids who grew up without TVs (and radio, in some cases). I am friends with a number of such folks, and they are just fine. I would imagine they too were "ostracized" because they were largely disconnected from pop culture. I imagine they didn't like the situation when they were younger, but it did not damage them like people suggest will happen to kids without access to Instagram.
(Noting also here that as early as tweens, the kids have been using all kinds of stuff as social media sites. Obviously Google Docs etc. But also any unblocked site on the Internet with a textbox, including Asana, Monday, etc. Anywhere with an image upload can be social media.)
> At college, I could count on one hand the amount of people I met without it.
I'm in the US, will say that most students here are over the age of 16 by the time they arrive at college so this would not apply to them.
Would love to get your thoughts on people who "have" social media vs people who abuse (or whatever you want to call it) social media. Is this like cigarettes, where having an account is too much, or more like sweets that can be enjoyed in moderation?
Erm, I feel most comfortable with an analogy to alcohol, perhaps. It has a high capacity to be abused yet is used in moderation by almost everyone. It’s almost incontestably physically harmful yet I still, of my own accord (as contrasted with nicotine which is addictive), choose to partake because there are benefits which I find valuable. I find social events much more enjoyable after a few drinks.
You can measure all these different harms of social media but I do think there are social benefits which are harder to quantify despite the companies who make the platforms being exploitive. It’s nice to see what my friends are doing. It’s nice to have a new avenue to hold conversations with new and old friends, far and near. I know that at points it’s taken a toll on me but today, despite considering myself to be fairly enlightened to the whole situation, I still continue to partake in social platforms and would likely reluctantly allow my children to do the same (I never really had open dialogue with my parents about social media, alcohol, and all these other vices. I turned out alright but I’d like to be there in that sort of sense for my children if I wind up having them in a way that differs to how my parents were.)
Wow, people really will advocate for anything except actually fixing the harmful aspects of these sites.
Also, calling parents "abusive" who let their kids on social media is harsh and will likely only ever push people away from understanding your position.
What happens after the second offence, out of curiosity?
However the effects of immigration (both positive and negative), inflation and not being able to afford a house is more easily understood by the layman.
Many just understand complaining about it won't do any good.
I was talking with my Mother last night about this very subject and she is social worker in her 60s.
I think realistically we've grown up in an age where you could say almost anything online, free from any threat of any kind of reprisal. It probably reasonable that, given the internet is key to daily life these days, that we treat it as no different from standing on a park bench and shouting. If you're calling for the death of people based on their religion or some other characteristic then there are consequences to your speech.
Unfortunately the most recent example of this kind of legislation, the laws surrounding age verification on websites, was introduced under a previous government so it really doesn't matter who you vote for on this anyway.
If you dont want to serve or moderate your site for children and be exposed to fines, you block any request with the relevant flag.
You just need a law to enforce what can be served when using the relevant flag, and some talks with Google, Apple Microsoft and w3 to implement it.
you can even segment it my category; no-login, no-posting, no-18-plus, no-violence, no-politics, under-16, region-EU, region-UK.
This leaves control to parents to do what they deem appropriate for their age, and doesn't turn into a authoritative surveillance state.... wait thats the point isn't it...
nevermid there is no alternative /j
If you want to send the net neutrality to /dev/null, please, head on.
What?
Adding even more personal information into HTTP headers is NOT the way to go. The web shouldn't require identification. The web shouldn't require segmentation on protected demographics. The business should. If the goal is to "protect the children", sending this information on every request is ANYTHING BUT protecting the children.
To op's point, age verification is really a surveillance measure, so this won't happen.
No the best approach is having parental controls on device and require whitelisting and established accounts that the parents setup. Anything else is making the web a more restrictive place for all.
It's exactly the way to go; because the alternative currently being pursued by half the western world is to attatch your full government ID to every internet request. Some preference flags are pretty harmless in comparison, and very powerful tool to solve some related problems.
The internet is already segmented and will continue to become more segmented (Intellectual property, GDPR, gambling). Adding a method to control that with the power in the hand of the user; is the least bad way to implement it.
It also makes regulating the internet alot less painful for businesses and governments. A buisness can refuse my service if they don't like my http request. No more murky "US company liable for EU user traffic even if unintended" nonsense. (The user can choose to voluntary remove GDPR protection with this method for example)
And there's no "I'm an adult" proof with leaking exactly who you are.
This is thinly veiled "we want to know exactly who is behind every account" legislation. Expect it to be coupled with the usual "If you've nothing to hide you have nothing to fear" argument.
I suggest people put their energy to not trying to convince anyone and instead put their energy into protecting themselves and learning how circumvent these measures. People who understand the issues of these ID checks don't need convincing and those that don't you are unlikely to change their mind.
Sooner or later it will become apparent that these laws are unenforceable (via VPNs, Tor or similar tech) and eventually they will be repealed or more likely no enforced like most piracy laws are now. The UK (as well as many of other countries) already lost the war against banning torrent sites (as they are effectively a hydra) and I don't think it get enforced anymore because I can to the big torrent with out issues.
"They're too stupid to have a say"
If you need kids to verify their age, well they’re going to have to verify the adults too aren’t they.
Which is what they really want.
It isn’t the state’s job to police children - parents should do this. They should just mandate very good easy to use parental controls on devices and spend some money teaching parents how to use them.
I'm actually pro the idea of regulating your child's use of technology at the parent level. But giving the tools to government to shut off access to communication for certain groups of people because parenting is hard is such a dangerous precedent to set.
Once the mechanisms and tools to do this are in place, you're one piece of regulation away from removing the idea of privacy altogether and policing all forms of communication. You're forever building the infrastructure to enable 1984, making it super easy to turn on, and hoping the people in power never once abuse it.
All over Europe right now there's some insane things being proposed by domestic politicians. In Denmark, the same people pushing for chat control have proposed a total and complete ban on VPNs.
The impulse to safety is an understandable one in the context of children. But we aren't going to form a successful, independent, and flourishing next generation by hiding them from a huge part of modern life until some arbitrary age, and suddenly unlocking access to it in adulthood.
Politicians attempt this all over Europe, but Britain is trying especially hard, with surprisingly little pushback. Not just the internet, also their state-run and state-accessible CCTV networks, now even with face detection. The idea of giving up privacy for the greater good is surprisingly normalized in the UK
I don't think it's a coincidence that 1984 is set in England and was written by an Englishman
If your kid is in state-subsidized daycare from 8am-5pm every day and bedtime is at 730pm, your child is effectively interfacing with and being entirely raised by a life setup by the state for bulk processing far more than any bespoke one setup by you as a parent.
When you've already distanced your involvement so much, it's only natural these same people would want to remove additional parenting duties off their plate so they can further lead a fully automated life devoid of responsibility or anything uncomfortable like setting limits for your child. Because who wants to take care of their children or their parents? Yuck. Let the immigrant brown people do it while we simultaneously scapegoat them for our own economic failings.
His personal blog is also pretty good - https://neilzone.co.uk/
1. Ban paid advertising, of all kinds, everywhere, without exception. It's an incentive to optimize for engagement, and it's the root of basically all evil on the Internet. People are just gonna have to pay for things. I do not give a fuck if it destroys Google or whoever.
2. Ban collecting any information not intrinsically necessary to deliver a specific Internet service that the user has actually asked for. That includes the user's name. Require zero-knowledge attribute-based authentication of anything that specifically needs to be proven. Require accepting cryptographically anonymous payments. Even if specific information is necessary, you are just going to have to shut down until you have the infrastructure to collect it without getting anything else. The ability to get this information is another incentive to optimize for engagement.
3. Ban sharing even the actually necessary information, except as necessary to cooperate to provide some service that, again, the user has actually asked for. Considerable work involved in defining what "sharing" means, but something a hell of a lot tighter than the GDPR. And notice that I didn't say "sharing without opt-in". Unless you actually need it to provide a service to the user, you can't do sharing even with permission.
4. Just in case there are some incentives left, ban selection/recommendation algorithms that optimize for engagement or for anything that smells like engagement. You can have an exception for a user getting their own recommendation system from a third party that shares no control with the actual providers or carriers of the content.
5. Ban terms of service that prohibit scraping or third-party clients for centralized services. Consider requiring that everything over a certain size have a stable API that can do anything the regular UI can. This makes it harder to force people to keep using manipulative stuff.
6. Ban carrier NAT. Require IPv6 to be turned on wherever IPv4 is turned on, with every retail subscriber given least thousands of stable addresses. Ban "no servers" contracts. Ban "safety filtering" by ISPs unless customers can disable it trivially. Ban traffic prioritization by ISPs. This may allow the Internet to (slowly and uncertainly) heal back toward being a truly decentralized system.
7. Actually enforce your laws against fraud, unfair business practices, etc.
... or you can just fuck around and make kids' lives miserable, I guess. They don't vote.