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gricha.dev
gricha.dev
"Hey claude, I get this error message: <X>", and it'll often find the root cause quicker than I could.
"Hey claude, anything I could do to improve Y?", and it'll struggle beyond the basics that a linter might suggest.
It suggested enthusiastically a library for <work domain> and it was all "Recommended" about it, but when I pointed out that the library had been considered and rejected because <issue>, it understood and wrote up why that library suffered from that issue and why it was therefore unsuitable.
There's a significant blind-spot in current LLMs related to blue-sky thinking and creative problem solving. It can do structured problems very well, and it can transform unstructured data very well, but it can't deal with unstructured problems very well.
That may well change, so I don't want to embed that thought too deeply into my own priors, because the LLM space seems to evolve rapidly. I wouldn't want to find myself blind to the progress because I write it off from a class of problems.
But right now, the best way to help an LLM is have a deep understanding of the problem domain yourself, and just leverage it to do the grunt-work that you'd find boring.
Neither of those are things I follow, and either way design is better informed by the specific problems that need to be solved rather than by such general, prescriptive principles.
I follow WET principles (write everything twice at least) because the abstraction penalty is huge, both in terms of performance and design, a bad abstraction causes all subsequent content to be made much slower. Which I can't afford as a small developer.
Same with most other "clean code" principles. My codebase is ~70K LoC right now, and I can keep most of it in my head. I used to try to make more functional, more isolated and encapsulated code, but it was hard to work with and most importantly, hard to modify. I replaced most of it with global variables, shit works so much better.
I do use partial classes pretty heavily though - helps LLMs not go batshit insane from context overload whenever they try to read "the entire file".
Models sometimes try to institute these clean code practices but it almost always just makes things worse.
I think, if you're writing code where you know the entire code base, a lot of the clean principles seem less important, but once you get someone who doesn't, and that can be you coming back to the project in three months, suddenly they have value.
When I was younger, writing Python rather than Rust, I used to go out of my way to make everything DRY, DRY, DRY everywhere from the outset. Class-based views in Django come to mind.
Today, I just write code, and after it's working I go back and clean things up where applicable. Not because I'm "following a principle", but because it's what makes sense in that specific instance.
what the person you replied to had claude do is relatively simple and structured, but to that person what claude did is "automagic".
People already vastly overestimate AI's capabilities. This contributes to that.
Very easy to write it off when it spins out on the open-ended problems, without seeing just how effective it can be once you zoom in.
Of course, zooming in that far gives back some of the promised gains.
Edit: typo
The love/hate flame war continues because the LLM companies aren't selling you on this. The hype is all about "this tech will enable non-experts to do things they couldn't do before" not "this tech will help already existing experts with their specific niche," hence the disconnect between the sales hype and reality.
If OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, etc. were all honest and tempered their own hype and misleading marketing, I doubt there would even be a flame war. The marketing hype is "this will replace employees" without the required fine print of "this tool still needs to be operated by an expert in the field and not your average non technical manager."
As we speak, my macOS menubar has an iStat Menus replacement, a Wispr Flow replacement (global hotkey for speech-to-text), and a logs visualizer for the `blocky` dns filtering program -- all of which I built without reading code aside from where I was curious.
It was so vibe-coded that there was no reason to use SwiftUI nor set them up in Xcode -- just AppKit Swift files compiled into macOS apps when I nix rebuild.
The only effort it required was the energy to QA the LLM's progress and tell it where to improve, maybe click and drag a screenshot into claude code chat if I'm feeling excessive.
Where do my 20 years of software dev experience fit into this except beyond imparting my aesthetic preferences?
In fact, insisting that you write code yourself is becoming a liability in an interesting way: you're going to make trade-offs for DX that the LLM doesn't have to make, like when you use Python or Electron when the LLM can bypass those abstractions that only exist for human brains.
Isn't that the point they are making?
Vibe-coding is a claude code <-> QA loop on the end result that anyone can do (the non-experts in his claim).
An example of a cycle looks like "now add an Options tab that let's me customize the global hotkey" where I'm only an end-user.
Once again, where do my 20 years of software experience come up in a process where I don't even read code?
I would hazard a guess that your knowledge lead to better prompts, better approach... heck even understanding how to build a status bar menu on Mac OS is slightly expert knowledge.
You are illustrating the GP's point, not negating it.
You're imagining that I'm giving Claude technical advice, but that is the point I'm trying to make: I am not.
This is what "vibe-coding" tries to specify.
I am only giving Claude UX feedback from using the app it makes. "Add a dropdown that lets me change the girth".
Now, I do have a natural taste for UX as a software user, and through that I can drive Claude to make a pretty good app. But my software engineering skills are not utilized... except for that one time I told Claude to use an AGDT because I fancy them.
Your 20 years is assisting you in ways you don't know; you're so experienced you don't know what it means to be inexperienced anymore. Now, it's true you probably don't need 20 years to do what you did, but you need some experience. Its not that the task you posed to the LLM is trivial for everyone due to the LLM, its that its trivial for you because you have 20 years experience. For people with experience, the LLM makes moderate tasks trivial, hard tasks moderate, and impossible tasks technically doable.
For example, my MS students can vibe code a UI, but they can't vibe code a complete bytecode compiler. They can use AI to assist them, but it's not a trivial task at all, they will have to spend a lot of time on it, and if they don't have the background knowledge they will end up mired.
Your mom wouldn't vibe-code software that she wants not because she's not a software engineer, but because she doesn't engage with software as a user at the level where she cares to do that.
Consider these two vibe-coded examples of waybar apps in r/omarchy where the OP admits he has zero software experience:
- Weather app: https://www.reddit.com/r/waybar/comments/1p6rv12/an_update_t...
- Activity monitor app: https://www.reddit.com/r/omarchy/comments/1p3hpfq/another_on...
That is a direct refutation of OP's claim. LLM enabled a non-expert to build something they couldn't before.
Unless you too think there exists a necessary expertise in coming up with these prompts:
- "I want a menubar app that shows me the current weather"
- "Now make it show weather in my current location"
- "Color the temperatures based on hot vs cold"
- "It's broken please find out why"
Is "menubar" too much expertise for you? I just asked claude "what is that bar at the top of my screen with all the icons" and it told me that it's macOS' menubar.
"Where do my 20 years of software dev experience fit into this except beyond imparting my aesthetic preferences?"
Anyway, I think you kind of unintentionally proved my point. These two examples are pretty trivial as far as software goes, and it enabled someone with a little technical experience to implement them where before they couldn't have.
They work well because:
a) the full implementation for these apps don't even fill up the AI context window. It's easy to keep the LLM on task.
b) it's a tutorial style-app that people often write as "babby's first UI widget", so there are thousands of examples of exactly this kind of thing online; therefore the LLM has little trouble summoning the correct code in its entirety.
But still, someone with zero technical experience is going to be immediately thwarted by the prompts you provided.
Take the first one "I want a menubar app that shows me the current weather".
https://chatgpt.com/share/693b20ac-dcec-8001-8ca8-50c612b074...
ChatGPT response: "Nice — here's a ready-to-run macOS menubar app you can drop into Xcode..."
She's already out of her depth by word 11. You expect your mom to use Xcode? Mine certainly can't. Even I have trouble with Xcode and I use it for work. Almost every single word in that response would need to be explained to her, it might as well be a foreign language.
Now, the LLM could help explain it to her, and that's what's great about them. But by the time she knows enough to actually find the original response actionable, she would have gained... knowledge and experience enough to operate it just to the level of writing that particular weather app. Though having done that, it's still unreasonable to now believe she could then use the LLM to write a bytecode compiler, because other people who have a Ph.D. in CS can. The LLM doesn't level the playing field, it's still lopsided toward the Ph.D.s / senior devs with 20 years exp.
Which is a prompt that someone with experience would write. Your average, non-technical person isn't going to prompt something like that, they are going to say "make it so I can change the settings" or something else super vague and struggle. We all know how difficult it is to define software requirements.
Just because an LLM wrote the actual code doesn't mean your prompts weren't more effective because of your experience and expertise in building software.
Sit someone down in front of an LLM with zero development or UI experience at all and they will get very different results. Chances are they won't even specify "macOS menu bar app" in the prompt and the LLM will end up trying to make them a webapp.
Your vibe coding experience just proves my initial point, that these tools are useful for those who already have experience and can lean on that to craft effective prompts. Someone non-technical isn't going to make effective use of an LLM to make software.
The LLM prompt space is an ND space where you can start at any point, and then the LLM carves a path through the space for so many tokens using the instructions you provided, until it stops and asks for another direction. This frames LLM prompt coding as a sort of navigation task.
The problem is difficult because at every decision point, there's an infinite number of things you could say that could lead to better or worse results in the future.
Think of a robot going down the sidewalk. It controls itself autonomously, but it stops at every intersection and asks "where to next boss?" You can tell it either to cross the street, or drive directly into traffic, or do any number of other things that could cause it to get closer to its destination, further away, or even to obliterate itself.
In the concrete world, it's easy to direct this robot, and to direct it such that it avoids bad outcomes, and to see that it's achieving good outcomes -- it's physically getting closer to the destination.
But when prompting in an abstract sense, its hard to see where the robot is going unless you're an expert in that abstract field. As an expert, you know the right way to go is across the street. As a novice, you might tell the LLM to just drive into traffic, and it will happily oblige.
The other problem is feedback. When you direct the physical robot to drive into traffic, you witness its demise, its fate is catastrophic, and if you didn't realize it before, you'd see the danger then. The robot also becomes incapacitated, and it can't report falsely about its continued progress.
But in the abstract case, the LLM isn't obliterated, it continues to report on progress that isn't real, and as a non expert, you can't tell its been flattened into a pancake. The whole output chain is now completely and thoroughly off the rails, but you can't see the smoldering ruins of your navigation instructions because it's told you "Exactly, you're absolutely right!"
Your original claim:
> The hype is all about "this tech will enable non-experts to do things they couldn't do before"
Are you saying that a prompt like "make a macOS weather app for me" and "make an options menu that lets me set my location" are only something an expert can do?
I need to know what you think their expertise is in.
Else Visual Basic and Dreamweaver would have killed software engineering in the 90s.
Also, I didn't make them. A clanker did. I can see this topic brings out the claws. Honestly I used to have the same reaction, and in a large way I still hate it.
I'm not sure you're interacting with single claim I've made so far.
claude2() {
claude "$(claude "Generate a prompt and TODO list that works towards this goal: <goal>$*</goal>" -p)"
}
$ claude2 pls give ranked ideas for make code betterOne under-discussed lever that senior / principal engineers can pull is the ability to write linters & analyzers that will stop junior engineers ( or LLMs ) from doing something stupid that's specific to your domain.
Let's say you don't want people to make async calls while owning a particular global resource, it only takes a few minutes to write an analyzer that will prevent anyone from doing so.
Avoid hours of back-and-forth over code review by encoding your preferences and taste into your build pipeline and stop it at source.
I am phenomenally productive this way, I am happier at my job, and its quality of work is extremely high as long as I occasionally have it stop and self-review it's progress against the style principles articulated in its AGENTS.md file. (As it tends to forget a lot of rules like DRY)
Some tasks I do enjoy coding. Once in the flow it can be quite relaxing.
But mostly I enjoy the problem solving part: coming up with the right algorithm, a nice architecture , the proper set of metrics to analyze etc
There is enough work for all of us to be handsomely paid while having fun doing it :) Just find what you like, and work with others who like other stuff, and you'll get through even the worst of problems.
For me the fun comes not from the action of typing stuff with my sausage fingers and seeing characters end up on the screen, but basically everything before that and after that. So if I can make "translate what's in my head into source on disk something can run" faster, that's a win in my book, but not if the quality degrades too much, so tight control over it still not having to use my fingers to actually type.
Having said that I used to be deep into coding and back then I am quite sure that I would hate AI coding for me. I think for me it comes down to – when I was learning about coding and stretching my personal knowledge in the area, the coding part was the fun part because I was learning. Now that I am past that part I really just want to solve problems, and coding is the means to that end. AI is now freeing because where I would have been reluctant to start a project, I am more likely to give it a go.
I think it is similar to when I used to play games a lot. When I would play a game where you would discover new items regularly, I would go at it hard and heavy up until the point where I determined there was either no new items to be found or it was just "more of the same". When I got to that point it was like a switch would flip and I would lose interest in the game almost immediately.
Most are not paid for results, they're paid for time at desk and regular responsibilities such as making commits, delivering status updates, code reviews, etc. - the daily activities of work are monitored more closely than the output. Most ESOP grant such little equity that working harder could never observably drive an increase in its value. Getting a project done faster just means another project to begin sooner.
Naturally workers will begin to prefer the motions of the work they find satisfying more than the result it has for the business's bottom line, from which they're alienated.
Wow. I've read a lot of hacker news this past decade, but I've never seen this articulated so well before. You really lifted the veil for me here. I see this everywhere, people thinking the work is the point, but I haven't been able to crystallize my thoughts about it like you did just now.
Im on the side of only enjoy coding to solve problems and i skipped software engineering and coding for work explicitly because i did not want to participate in that dynamic of being removed from the problems. instead i went into business analytics, and now that AI is gaining traction I am able to do more of what I love - improving processes and automation - without ever really needing to "pay dues" doing grunt work I never cared to be skilled at in the first place unless it was necessary.
This gets us to the rule number one of being successful at a job: Make sure your manager likes you. Get 8 layers of people whose priority is just to be sure their manager likes them, and what is getting done is very unlikely to have much to do with shareholder value, customer happiness, or anything like that.
Sometimes you can, sometimes you have to break the problem apart and get the LLM to do each bit separately, sometimes the LLM goes funny and you need to solve it yourself.
Customers don't want you wasting money doing by hand what can be automated, nor do they want you ripping them off by blindly handing over unchecked LLM output when it can't be automated.
If enough people can make the product faster, then competition will drive the price down. But the ability to charge less is not at all an obligation to charge less.
If the experienced engineer is already faster than the LLM, their job is not at risk.
If the LLM is faster then the experienced engineer at making some kind of code product, then the experienced engineer can use it to save time. And in the short term they can spend even more time learning! Maybe it's a net negative because it helps the "new class of devs that just want the easy way out" more, but it's still helping the experienced engineer.
And if increased competition drops the price then the LLM's influence is helping customers.
- a market needs a certain kind of product (feature set, complexity, performance)
- good engineer could apply skills to deliver that
- lazy engineers couldn't, but with llm they can, it gives them solutions without understanding much, which is irrelevant for them, they want to ship
- i myself don't enjoy having code spilled out for me, and the time savings from llm won't bring much more joy (unlike the lazy engineer who is happy)
- a llm might help me do more advanced things but the market might not care for it. say the average user wants a dashboard with a bunch of data points and a few actions. the llm answer will match that perfectly. I could ask the llm to produce a more complex dashboard with more customization, more feature.. but the user will not want it because it's beyond its needs
so yeah it's a matter of ratio, it seems that lazy devs will get a 10x improvement while a skilled one will only get 1.5 and might be squeezed out of the market
ultimately i wonder how long people will need devs at all if you can all prompt your wishes
some will be kept to fix the occasional hallucination and that's it
getting things solved entirely feels very very numbing to me
even when gemini or chatgpt solves it well, and even beyond what i'd imagine.. i feel a sense of loss
It's typically been productive to care about the how, because it leads to better maintainability and a better ability to adapt or pivot to new problems. I suppose that's getting less true by the minute, though.
Sometimes, you strike gold, so there's that.
And I do think there's more to it than preference. Like there's actual bugs in the code, it's confusing and because it's confusing there's more bugs. It's solving a simple problem but doing so in an unnecessarily convoluted way. I can solve the same problem in a much simpler way. But because everything is like this I can't just fix it, there's layers and layers of this convolution that can't just be fixed and of course there's no proper decoupling etc so a refactor is kind of all or nothing. If you start it's like pulling on a thread and everything just unravels.
This is going to sound pompous and terrible but honestly some times I feel like I'm too much better than other developers. I have a hard time collaborating because the only thing I really want to do with other people's code is delete it and rewrite it. I can't fix it because it isn't fixable, it's just trash. I wish they would have talked to me before writing it, I could have helped then.
Obviously in order to function in a professional environment i have to suppress this stuff and just let the code be ass but it really irks me. Especially if I need to build on something someone else made - itsalmost always ass, I don't want to build on a crooked foundation. I want to fix the foundation so the rest of the building can be good too. But there's no time and it's exhausting fixing everyone else's messes all the time.
I'm talking about simple stuff that people just can't do right. Not complex stuff. Like imagine some perfect little example code on the react docs or whatever, good code. Exemplary code. Trivial code that does a simple little thing. Now imagine some idiot wrote code to do exactly the same thing but made it 8 times longer and incredibly convoluted for absolutely no reason and that's basically what most "developers" do. Everyone's a bunch of stupid amateurs who can't do simple stuff right, that's my problem. It's not understandable, it's not justifiable, it's not trading off quality for speed. It's stupidity, ignorance and lazyness.
That's why we have coding interviews that are basically "write fizzbuzz while we watch" and when I solve their trivial task easily everyone acts like I'm Jesus because most of my peers can't fucking code. Like literally I have colleagues with years of experience who are barely at a first year CS level. They don't know the basics of the language they've been working with for years. They're amateurs.
For example, Oxide Computers has a really interesting approach https://oxide.computer/careers
Obviously that’s easier said than done but there are quite a few orgs out there like that. If everyone around you doesn’t care about something or can’t do it, it’s probably a systemic problem with the environment.
One of my better experiences with software development was actually with something waterfall-adjacent. The people I was developing software for produced a 50 page spec ahead of any code being written.
That let me get a complete picture of the business domain. That let me point out parts of the spec that were just wrong in regards to the domain model and also things that could be simplified. Implementation became way more straightforwards and I still opted for a more iterative approach than just one deliverable at the end. About 75% of the spec got build and 25% was found to be not necessary, it was a massive success - on time and with fewer bugs than your typical 2 week "we don't know the big picture" slop that's easy to get into with indecisive clients.
Obviously it wasn't "proper" waterfall and it also didn't try to do a bunch of "agile" Scrum ceremonies but borrowed whatever I found useful. Getting a complete spec of the business needs and domain and desired functionality (especially one without prescriptive bullshit like pixel perfect wireframes and API docs written by people that won't write the API) was really good.
And most importantly I just design it well from the start, it's not that hard to do. At least for me.
Of course we all make mistake, there's bugs in my code too. I have made choices I regret. But not on the level that I'm talking about.
Which is part of what I find so motivating with AI. It is much better at making sense of that muck, and with some guidance it can churn out code very quickly with a high degree of readability.
I don't know how a "good" programmer opens the same gig+ file for writing in multiple threads (dozens sometimes) without any kind of concurrency management.
A "good" programmer doesn't give you a 2000+-line python script where every variable has no more than two characters in its name, with 0 comments or explanatory info.
A "good" programmer doesn't write a cluster that checks an "OK" REST endpoint on a regular interval, and then have that same cluster freak the fuck out and check 10-100x as often if that "OK" does not arrive exactly as it should.
I usually attribute it to people being lazy, not caring, or not using their brain.
It's quite frustrating when something is *so obviously* wrong, to the point that anyone with a modicum of experience should be able to realize that what was implemented is totally whack. Please, spend at least a few minutes reviewing your work so that I don't have to waste my time on nonsense.
> You've really hit the crux of the problem and why so many people have differing opinions about AI coding.
Part of it perhaps, but there's also a huge variation in model output. I've been getting some surprisingly bad generations from ChatGPT recently, though I'm not sure if that's ChatGPT getting worse or me getting used to a much higher quality of code from Claude Code which seems to test itself before saying "done". I have no idea if my opinion will flip again now 5.2 is out.
And some people are bad communicators, an important skill for LLMs, though few will recognise it because everyone knows what they themselves meant by whatever words they use.
And some people are bad planners, likewise an important skill for breaking apart big tasks that LLMs can't do into small ones they can do.
Many engineers walk a path where they start out very focussed on programming details, language choice, and elegant or clever solutions. But if you're in the game long enough, and especially if you're working in medium-to-large engineering orgs on big customer-facing projects, you usually kind of move on from it. Early in my career I learned half a dozen programming languages and prided myself on various arcane arts like metaprogramming tricks. But after a while you learn that one person's clever solution is another person's maintainability nightmare, and maybe being as boring and predictable and direct as possible in the code (if slightly more verbose) would have been better. I've maintained some systems written by very brilliant programmers who were just being too clever by half.
You also come to realize that coding skills and language choice don't matter as much as you thought, and the big issues in engineering are 1) are you solving the right problem to begin with 2) people/communication/team dynamics 3) systems architecture, in that order of importance.
And also, programming just gets a little repetitive after a while. Like you say, after a decade or so, it feels a bit like "more of the same." That goes especially for most of the programming most of us are doing most of the time in our day jobs. We don't write a lot of fancy algorithms, maybe once in a blue moon and even then you're usually better off with a library. We do CRUD apps and cookie-cutter React pages and so on and so on.
If AI coding agents fall into your lap once you've reached that particular variation of a mature stage in your engineering career, you probably welcome them as a huge time saver and a means to solve problems you care about faster. After a decade, I still love engineering, but there aren't may coding tasks I particularly relish diving into. I can usually vaguely picture the shape of the solution in my head out the gate, and actually sitting down and doing it feels rather a bore and just a lot of typing and details. Which is why it's so nice when I can kick off a Claude session to do it instead, and review the results to see if they match what I had in mind.
Don't get me wrong. I still love programming if there's just the right kind of compelling puzzle to solve (rarer and rarer these days), and I still pride myself on being able to do it well. Come the holidays I will be working through Advent of Code with no AI assistance whatsoever, just me and vim. But when January rolls around and the day job returns I'll be having Claude do all the heavy lifting once again.
1) When I already have a rough picture of the solution to some programming task in my head up front, I do not particularly look forward to actually going and doing it. I've done enough programming that many things feel like a variation on something I've done before. Sometimes the task is its own reward because there is a sufficiently hard and novel puzzle to solve. Mostly it is not and it's just a matter of putting in the time. Having Claude do most of the work is perfect in those cases. I don't think this is particularly anything to do with working on a ball of mud: it applies to most kinds of work on clean well-architected projects as well.
2) I have a restless mind and I just don't find doing something that interesting anymore once I have more or less mastered it. I'd prefer to be learning some new field (currently, LLMs) rather than spending a lot of time doing something I already know how to do. This is a matter of temperament: there is nothing wrong with being content in doing a job you've mastered. It's just not me.
Every time I think I have a rough picture of some solution, there's always something in the implementation that proves me wrong. Then it's reading docs and figuring whatever gotchas I've stepped into. Or where I erred in understanding the specifications. If something is that repetitive, I refactor and try to make it simple.
> I have a restless mind and I just don't find doing something that interesting anymore once I have more or less mastered it.
If I've mastered something (And I don't believe I've done so for pretty much anything), the next step is always about eliminating the tedium of interacting with that thing. Like a code generator for some framework or adding special commands to your editor for faster interaction with a project.
1. If you don't care about code and only care about the "thing that it does when it's done", how do you solve problems in a way that is satisfying? Because you are not really solving any problem but just using the AI to do it. Is prompting more satisfying than actually solving?
2. You claim you're done "learning about coding and stretching my personal knowledge in the area" but don't you think that's super dangerous? Like how can you just be done with learning when tech is constantly changing and new things come up everyday. In that sense, don't you think AI use is actually making you learn less and you're just justifying it with the whole "I love solving problems, not code" thing?
3. If you don't care about the code, do the people who hire you for it do? And if they do, then how can you claim you don't care about the code when you'll have to go through a review process and at least check the code meaning you have to care about the code itself, right?
1. The problem solving is in figuring out what to prompt, which includes correctly defining the problem, identifying a potential solution, designing an architecture, decomposing it into smaller tasks, and so on.
Giving it a generic prompt like "build a fitness tracker" will result in a fully working product but it will be bland as it would be the average of everything in its training data, and won't provide any new value. Instead, you probably want to build something that nobody else has, because that's where the value is. This will require you to get pretty deep into the problem domain, even if the code itself is abstracted away from you.
Personally, once the shape of the solution and the code is crystallized in my head typing it out is a chore. I'd rather get it out ASAP, get the dopamine hit from seeing it work, and move on to the next task. These days I spend most of my time exploring the problem domain rather than writing code.
2. Learning still exists but at a different level; in fact it will be the only thing we will eventually be doing. E.g. I'm doing stuff today that I had negligible prior background in when I began. Without AI, I would probably require an advanced course to just get upto speed. But now I'm learning by doing while solving new problems, which is a brand new way of learning! Only I'm learning the problem domain rather than the intricacies of code.
3. Statistically speaking, the people who hire us don't really care about the code, they just want business results. (See: the difficulty of funding tech debt cleanup projects!)
Personally, I still care about the code and review everything, whether written by me or the AI. But I can see how even that is rapidly becoming optional.
I will say this: AI is rapidly revolutionizing our field and we need to adapt just as quickly.
My comment was based on you saying you don't care about the code and only what it does. But now you're saying you care about the code and review everything so I'm not sure what to make out of it. And again, I fundamentally disagree that reviewing code will become optional or rather should become optional. But that's my personal take.
I'm not the person you originally replied to, so my take is different, which explains your confusion :-)
However I do increasingly get the niggling sense I'm reviewing code out of habit rather than any specific benefit because I so rarely find something to change...
> And if you're really going too deep into the problem domain, what is the point of having the code abstracted?
Let's take my current work as an example: I'm doing stuff with computer vision (good old-fashioned OpenCV, because ML would be overkill for my case.) So the problem domain is now images and perception and retrieval, which is what I am learning and exploring. The actual code itself does not matter as much the high-level approach and the component algorithms and data structures -- none of which are individually novel BTW, but I believe I'm the only one combining them this way.
As an example, I give a high-level prompt like "Write a method that accepts a list of bounding boxes, find all overlapping ones, choose the ones with substantial overlap and consolidate them into a single box, and return all consolidated boxes. Write tests for this method." The AI runs off and generates dozens of lines of code -- including a tunable parameter to control "substantial overlap", set to a reasonable default -- the tests pass, and when I plug in the method, 99.9% of the times the code works as expected. And because this is vision-based I can immediately verify by sight if the approach works!
To me, the valuable part was coming up with that whole approach based on bounding boxes, which led to that prompt. The actual code in itself is not interesting because it is not a difficult problem, just a cumbersome one to handcode.
To solve the overall problem I have to combine a large number of such sub-problems, so the leverage that AI gives me is enormous.
But as I said, it's getting rare that I need to change anything the AI generates. That's partly because I decompose the problem into small, self-contained tasks that are largely orthogonal and easily tested -- mostly a functional programming style. There's very little that can go wrong because there is little ambiguity in the requirements, which is why a 3 line prompt can reliably turn into dozens of lines of working, tested code.
The main code I deal with manually is the glue that composes these units to solve the larger computer vision problem. Ironically, THAT is where the tech debt is, primarily because I'm experimenting with combinations of dozens of different techniques and tweaks to see what works best. If I knew what was going to work, I'd just prompt the AI to write it for me! ;-)
This just sounds like "no true scotsman" to me. You have a problem and a toolkit. If you successfully solve the problem, and the solution is good enough, then you are a problem solver by any definition worth a damn.
The magic and the satisfaction of good prompting is getting to that "good enough", especially architecturally. But when you get good at it - boy, you can code rings around other people or even entire teams. Tell me how that wouldn't be satisfying!
Coding is just a formal specification, one that is suited to be automatically executed by a dumb machine. The nice trick is that the basic semantics units from a programming language are versatile enough to give you very powerful abstractions that can fit nicely with the solution your are designing.
> Personally, once the shape of the solution and the code is crystallized in my head typing it out is a chore
I truly believe that everyone that says that typing is a chore once they've got the shape of a solution get frustrated by the amount of bad assumptions they've made. That ranges from not having a good design in place to not learning the tools they're using and fighting it during the implementation (Like using React in an imperative manner). You may have something as extensive as a network protocol RFC, and still got hit by conflict between the specs and what works.
Look at the length of my prompt and the length of the code. And that's not even including the tests I had it generate. It made all the right assumptions, including specifying tunable optional parameters set to reasonable defaults and (redacted) integrating with some proprietary functions at the right places. It's like it read my mind!
Would you really think writing all that code by hand would have been comparable to writing the prompt?
But the point is, there were no assumptions or tooling or bad designs that had to be fought. Just an informal, high-level prompt that generated the exact code I wanted in a fraction of the time. At least to me that was pretty surprising -- even if it'd become routine for a while by then -- because I'd expect that level of wavelength-match between colleagues who had been working on the same team for a while.
If you really believe this, I'd never want to hire you. I mean, it's not wrong, it's just ... well, it's not even wrong.
Your response and depth of reasoning about why you wouldn't hire them is a red flag though. Not for a manager role and certainly not as an IC.
Coding is as much a method of investigating and learning about a problem as it is any sort of specification. It is as much play as it is description. Somebody who views code as nothing more than a formal specification that tells a computer what to do is inhibiting their ability to play imaginatively with the problem space, and in the work that I do, that is absolutely critical.
Yes.
> inhibiting play
Strongly disagree. The more abstraction layers you can see across, the bigger your toolbox and the more innovative your solutions to problems can be.
To a lot of people (clearly not yourself included), the most interesting part of software development is the problem solving part; the puzzle. Once you know _how_ to solve the puzzle, it's not all that interesting actually doing it.
That being said, you may be using the word "shape" in a much more vague sense than I am. When I know the shape of the solution, I know pretty much everything it takes to actually implement it. That also means I've very bad at generating LOEs because I need to dig into the code and try things out, to know what works... before I can be sure I have a viable solution plan.
That being said, we can say
- Given the implementation options we've found, this solution/direction is what we think is the best
- We have enough information now that it is unlikely anything we find out is going to change the solution
- We know enough about the solution that it is extremely unlikely that there are any more real "problems/puzzles" to be solved
At that point, we can consider the solution "found" and actually implementing it is no more a part of solving it. Could the implemented solution wind up having to deal with an off-by-one error that we need to fix? Sure... but that's not "puzzle solving". And, for a lot of people, it's just not the interesting part.
But I still love getting my hands dirty and writing code as a mental puzzle. And the best puzzles tend to happen outside of a work environment anyways. So I continue to work through advent of code problems (for example) as a way of exercising that muscle.
I use writing the code as a way to investigate the options and find new ones. By the time I'm sure of the correct way to implement something, half the code is written [1]. At that point, now that I know what and how I'm going to do, it starts to get boring. I think what would work best for me would be able to say "ok, now finish this" to the AI and have it do that boring part.
[1] This also makes my LOEs horrible, because I don't know what I'm going to build until I've completed half of it. And figuring out how long it will take to do something that isn't defined is... inaccurate.
Claude writing code gets the same output if not better in about 1/10 of the time.
That's where you realize that the writing code bits are just one small part of the overall picture. One that I realize I could do without.
Same for sql, do you really context switch between sql and other code that frequently?
Everyone should stop using bash, especially if you have a scripting language you can use already.
For example, I often find Python has very mature and comprehensive packages for a specific need I have, but it is a poor language for the larger project (I also just hate writing Python). So I'll often put the component behind a http server and communicate that way. Or in other cases I've used Rust for working with WASAPI and win32 which has some good crates for it, but the ecosystem is a lot less mature elsewhere.
I used to prefer reinventing the wheel in the primary project language, but I wasted so much time doing that. The tradeoff is the project structure gets a lot more complicated, but it's also a lot faster to iterate.
Plus your usual html/css/js on the frontend and something else on the backend, plus SQL.
I absolutely can attest to what parent is saying, I have been developing software in Python for nearly a decade now and I still routinely look up the /basics/.
LLM's have been a complete gamechanger to me, being able to reduce the friction of "ok let me google what I need in a very roundabout way my memory spit it out" to a fast and often inline llm lookup.
I said notetaking, but it's more about building your own index. In $WORK projects, I mostly use the browser bookmarks, the ticket system, the PR description and commits to contextually note things. In personal projects, I have an org-mode file (or a basic text file) and a lot of TODO comments.
Or I can farm that stuff to an LLM, stay in my flow, and iterate at a speed that feels good.
I have over a decade of experience, I do this stuff daily, I don't think I can write a 10 line bash/python/js script without looking up the docs at least a couple times.
I understand exactly what I need to write, but exact form eludes my brain, so this Levenshtein-distance-on-drugs machine that can parse my rambling + surrounding context into valid syntax for what I need right at that time is invaluable and I would even go as far as saying life changing.
I understand and hold high level concepts alright, I know where stuff is in my codebase, I understand how it all works down to very low levels, but the minutea of development is very hard due to how my memory works (and has always worked).
...I did.
But figuring out what is the correct way in this particular language is the issue.
Now I can get the assistant to do it, look at it and go "yep, that's how you iterate over an array of strings".
You may get possibilities, but not for what you asked for.
I love to prototype various approaches. Sometimes I just want to see which one feels like the most natural fit. The LLM can do this in a tenth of the time I can, and I just need to get a general idea of how each approach would feel in practice.
This sentence alone is a huge red flag in my books. Either you know the problem domain and can argue about which solution is better and why. Or you don't and what you're doing are experiment to learn the domain.
There's a reason the field is called Software Engineering and not Software Art. Words like "feels" does not belongs. It would be like saying which bridge design feels like the most natural fit for the load. Or which material feels like the most natural fit for a break system.
Software development is nowhere near advanced enough for this to be true. Even basic questions like "should this project be built in Go, Python, or Rust?" or "should this project be modeled using OOP and domain-driven design, event-sourcing, or purely functional programming?" are decided largely by the personal preferences of whoever the first developer is.
I really don't think this is true. What was the demonstrated impact of writing Terraform in Go rather than Rust? Would writing Terraform in Rust have resulted in a better product? Would rewriting it now result in a better product? Even among engineers with 15 years experience you're going to get differing answers on this.
That's tautologically true, yes, but your claim was
> Either you know the problem domain and can argue about which solution is better and why. Or you don't and what you're doing are experiment to learn the domain.
So, assuming the domain of infrastructure-at-code is mostly known now which is a fair statement -- which is a better choice, Go or Rust, and why? Remember, this is objective fact, not art, so no personal preferences are allowed.
A solution may be Terraform, another is Ansible,… To implement that solution, you need a programming language, but by then you’re solving accidental complexity, not the essential one attached to the domain. You may be solving, implementation speed, hiring costs, code safety,… but you’re not solving IaC.
> A solution may be Terraform
They're asking about what language you use to write Terraform.
It's not accidental complexity, it's what the question is about.
The topic is not how you use Terraform or at a high level design its features, it's how you implement Terraform with code.
> the choice of a language does not depend on Terraform design, but on contextual information like the team skill, business requirements like time delivery and implementation correctness
That doesn't make it accidental to the topic. It may be accidental to a different topic (the design of Terraform?) that nobody was discussing, but it's not accidental to this topic (language choice).
That list of factors is how you get closer to making the decision.
This was the question. And my answer was that Go or Rust have no relevancy in the IaC domain. Ansible is relevant, but Python is not. Chef is relevant, Ruby is not. And I’m pretty sure there are in-house stuff that are just Perl scripts.
The goal is solving some problem in IaC, by the time, you are considering language choice, you’ve already left the domain and are looking at implementation problems where each choice is balancing tradeoffs.
>> Such questions may be decided by personal preferences, but their impact can easily be demonstrated.
> I really don't think this is true. What was the demonstrated impact of writing Terraform in Go rather than Rust? Would writing Terraform in Rust have resulted in a better product? Would rewriting it now result in a better product? Even among engineers with 15 years experience you're going to get differing answers on this.
Rewriting from Go to another language wouldn’t solve the problem better. Because Go is an implementation choice, not a design choice. There’s nothing in Go that make Terraform better. It could be in C and a lot of people wouldn’t notice.
You somewhat answered it in a way that doesn't really get to why they asked it (you can't make every decision based on "demonstrated impact").
But you did that in a different comment than the one I replied to. The one I replied to was just answering the wrong question entirely. Which is why I replied.
> Rewriting from Go to another language wouldn’t solve the problem better. Because Go is an implementation choice, not a design choice. There’s nothing in Go that make Terraform better. It could be in C and a lot of people wouldn’t notice.
I'm sorry, are you arguing that using feel to decide how to structure a piece of code is a "huge red flag", but the choice of entire programming language is unimportant?
From my first reply, I've been arguing that using feels to decide things is very much dangerous. There are usually a less ambiguous way to frame the reasons behind a decision. Methodologies like the five why's can help.
And choosing a programming language is orthogonal to designing a solution to a problem. Everything get turned to opcodes and binary at some point.
I think it’s possible to engage with questions like these head on and try to find an answer.
The problem is that if you want the answer to be close to accurate, you might need both a lot of input data about the situation (including who’d be working with and maintaining the software, what are their skills and weaknesses; alongside the business concerns that impact the timeline, the scale at which you’re working with and a 1000 other things), as well as the output of concrete suggestions might be a flowchart so big it’d make people question their sanity.
It’s not impossible, just impractical with a high likelihood of being wrong due to bad or insufficient data or interpretation.
But to humor the question: as an example, if you have a small to mid size team with run of the mill devs that have some traditional OOP experience and have a small to mid infrastructure size and complexity, but also have relatively strict deadlines, limited budget and only average requirements in regards to long term maintainability and correctness (nobody will die if the software doesn’t work correctly every single time), then Go will be closer to an optimal choice.
I know that because I built an environment management solution in Go, trying to do that in Rust in the same set of circumstances wouldn’t have been successful, objectively speaking. I just straight up wouldn’t have iterated fast enough to ship. Of course, I can only give such a concrete answer for that very specific set of example circumstances after the fact. But even initially those factors pushed me towards Go.
If you pull any number of levers in a different direction (higher correctness requirements, higher performance requirements, different team composition), then all of those can influence the outcome towards Rust. Obviously every detail about what a specific system must do also influences that.
If it's impractical to know, why is using personal preference and intuition a "huge red flag"?
That's the core idea being disagreed with, not the idea that you could theoretically with enough resources get an objective answer.
For example, how to many people MongoDB felt like a really good option during its hype cycle before it became clear how there are workloads out there, where you will get burnt badly if you pick anything other than a traditional RDBMS with ACID.
Similarly, there are cases where people cargo cult really hard or just become opinionated over time - someone who has worked primarily in Java for 20 years will probably pick that for a wide variety of projects, though this preference might make them blind to the fact that others aren't as good with it on a given team and that they might not iterate fast enough to ship, when compared with, let's say Django or Ruby on Rails or even Laravel.
Feelings can be dangerous, informed choices will generally be better, though I guess with the way we use language, those two kinda blend together. If those feelings are based on good enough data and experience, then those might be pretty valuable too - someone who has been writing code for 20 years will probably be more accurate than someone who has been programming for 2 years, yet if someone has 10x2 years of experience (doing the same thing, not learning, not exploring), then it's a toss up, worse yet if people think that still means seniority.
I kinda get why someone might react to the word "feels" in seemingly deterministic development context, but my own reaction wouldn't be so strong and with certain people, I'd trust their feelings. At the same time I've seen plenty of people who write what they believe to be a good code that is a bit of a mess in my eyes.
Maybe I'm lucky, but I've never encountered this situation. It has been mostly about what tradeoffs I'm willing to make. Libraries are more line of codes added to the project, thus they are liabilities. Including one is always a bad decision, so I only do so because the alternative is worse. Having to choose between two is more like between Scylla and Charybdis (known tradeoffs) than deciding to go left or right in a maze (mystery outcome).
Generally, you are correct that having multiple libraries to choose among is concerning, but it really depends. Mostly it's stylistic choices and it can be hard to tell how it integrates before trying.
In my experience most LLMs are going to answer this with some form of "Absolutely!" and then propose a square-peg-into-a-round-hole way to do it that is likely suboptimal vs using a different library that is far more suited to your problem if you didn't guess the right fit library to begin with.
The sycophancy problem is still very real even when the topic is entirely technical.
Gemini is (in my experience) the least likely to lead you astray in these situations but its still a significant problem even there.
if you ask a human this the answer can also often be "yes [if we torture the library]", because software development is magic and magic is the realm of imagination.
much better prompt: "is this library designed to solve this problem" or "how can we solve this problem? i am considering using this library to do so, is that realistic?"
Please don't say you commit AI-generated stuff without checking it first?
It’s exactly like working with another human. PR review is there for a purpose.
Disagree. Claude makes the same garbage worthless comments as a Freshman CS student. Things like:
// Frobbing the bazz
res = util.frob(bazz);
Or
// If bif is True here then blorg
if (bif){ blorg; }
Like wow, so insightful
And it will ceaselessly try to auto complete your comments with utter nonsense that is mostly grammatically correct.
The most success I have had is using claude to help with Spring Boot annotations and config processing (Because documentation is just not direct enough IMO) and to rubber duck debug with, where claude just barely edges out the rubber duck.
I don't want LLMs, AI, and eventually Robots to take over the fun stuff. I want them to do the mundane, physical tasks like laundry and dishes, leave me to the fun creative stuff.
But as we progress right now, the hype machine is pushing AI to take over art, photography, video, coding, etc. All the stuff I would rather be doing. Where's my house cleaning robot?
Of course this is a bit too black&white. There can still be a creative human being introducing nuance and differences, trying to get the automated tools to do things different in the details or some aspects. Question is, losing all those creative jobs (in absolute numbers of people doing them), what will we as society, or we as humanity become? What's the ETA on UBI, so that we can reap the benefits of what we automated away, instead of filling the pockets of a few?
On the other hand, if e.g. I need a web interface to do something, the only way I can enjoy myself is by designing my own web framework, which is pretty time-consuming, and then I still need to figure out how to make collapsible sections in CSS and blerghhh. Claude can do that in a few seconds. It's a delightful moment of "oh, thank god, I don't have to do this crap anymore."
There are many coding tasks that are just tedium, including 99% of frontend development and over half of backend development. I think it's fine to throw that stuff to AI. It still leaves a lot of fun on the table.
Some famous sculptors had an atelier full of students that helped them with mundane tasks, like carving out a basic shape from a block of stone.
When the basic shape was done, the master came and did the rest. You may want to have the physical exercise of doing the work yourself, but maybe someone sometimes likes to do the fine work and leave the crude one to the AI.
I don't :) Before I had IDE templates and Intellisense. Now I can just get any agentic AI to do it for me in 60 seconds and I can get to the actual work.
I am so tired of this analogy. Have the people who say this never worked with a junior dev before? If you treat your junior devs as brainless code monkeys who only exist to type out your brilliant senior developer designs and architectures instead of, you know, human beings capable of solving problems, 1) you're wasting your time, because a less experienced dev is still capable of solving problems independently, 2) the juniors working under you will hate it because they get no autonomy, and 3) the juniors working under you will stay junior because they have no opportunity to learn--which means you've failed at one of your most important tasks as a senior developer, which is mentorship.
When I was a junior, that's how it was for me. The senior gave me something that was structured and architected and asked me to handle smaller tasks that were beneath them.
Giving juniors full autonomy is a great way to end up with an unmaintainable mess that is a nightmare to work with without substancial refactoring. I know this because I have made a career out of fixing exactly this mistake.
> Giving juniors full autonomy is a great way to end up with an unmaintainable mess that is a nightmare to work with without substancial refactoring.
Nobody is suggesting they get full autonomy to cowboy code and push unreviewed changes to prod. Everything they build should be getting reviewed by their peers and seniors. But they need opportunities to explore and make mistakes and get feedback.
It's an entirely different world in small businesses that aren't primarily tech.
All of them had bad juniors--and bad seniors--who people quickly learned could not be trusted with anything and were either fired or put into a situation where they could do minimal damage.
However none of them had blanket expectations of "juniors are too stupid to figure out how to solve problems and need step-by-step instructions." I'm sure some places like that exist, but I'd never want to work there; after all, if the place I'm working for openly admits it hires idiots, what does that say about me?
I'm asking because I legitimately have not figured out an answer to this problem.
Seriously, long term thinking went out the window long time ago, didn't it?
It is definitely a problem for the company. How is it a problem for the senior dev at any point?
What incentive do they have to aid the company at the expense of their own *long term* career prospects?
Also, I'm pretty sure junior devs can use directing a LLM to learn from mistakes faster. Let them play. Soon enough they're going to be better than all of us anyway. The same way widespread access to strong chess computers raised the bar at chess clubs.
I'm probably a pretty shitty developer by HN standards but I generally have to build a prototype to fully understand and explore problem and iterate designs and LLMs have been pretty good for me as trainers for learning things I'm not familiar with. I do have a certain skill set, but the non-domain stuff can be really slow and tedious work. I can recognize "good enough" and "clean" and I think the next generation can use that model very well to be become native with how to succeed with these tools.
Let me put it this way: people don't have to be hired by the best companies to gain experience using best practices anymore.
Unfortunately the bar is being raised on us. If you can't hang with the new order you are out of a job. I promise I was one of the holdouts who resisted this the most. It's probably why I got laid off last spring.
Thankfully, as of this last summer, agentic dev started to really get good, and my opinion made a complete 180. I used the off time to knock out a personal project in a month or two's worth of time, that would have taken me a year+ the old way. I leveraged that experience to get me where I am now.
I don't think we'll be out of jobs. Maybe temporarily. But those jobs come back. The energy and money drain that LLMs are, are just not sustainable.
I mean, it's cool that you got the project knocked out in a month or two, but if you'd sit down now without an LLM and try to measure the quality of that codebase, would you be 100% content? Speed is not always a good metric. Sure, 1 -2 months for a project is nice, but isn't especially a personal project more about the fun of doing the project and learning something from it and sharpening your skills?
However if I just say “I have this goal, implement a solution”, chances are that unless it is a very common task, it will come up with a subpar/incomplete implementation.
What’s funny to me is that complexity has inverted for some tasks: it can ace a 1000 lines ML model for a general task I give it, yet will completely fail to come up with a proper solution for a 2D geometric problem that mostly has high school level maths that can be solved in 100 lines
Principles like DRY
It may seem decent until you look closer. Just like with a junior dev, you should always review the code very carefully, you can absolutely not trust it. It's not bad at trivial stuff, but fails almost always if things get more complex and unlike a junior dev, it does not tell you, when things get too complex for it.
I don't know if I'm any faster than I would be if I was motivated, but I'm A LOT more productive in my current state. I still hope for the next AI winter though.
In the same breath (same paragraph) you state two polar opposites about working with AI:
- I am phenomenally productive
- "as long as I occasionally have it stop" and "it tends to forget a lot of rules like DRY"
If it was the "junior dev" you also mention, I suspect you would very quickly invite the "junior dev" to find a job elsewhere.
I asked Claude to fix a pet peeve of mine, spawning a second process inside an existing Wine session (pretty hard if you use umu, since it runs in a user namespace). I asked Claude to write me a python server to spawn another process to pass through a file handler "in Proton", and it proceeded a long loop of trying to find a way to launch into an existing wine session from Linux with tons of environment variables that didn't exist.
Then I specified "server to run in Wine using Windows Python" and it got more things right. Except it tried to use named pipes for IPC. Which, surprise surprise, doesn't work to talk to the Linux piece. Only after I specified "local TCP socket" it started to go right. Had I written all those technical constraints and made the design decisions in the first message it'd have been a one-hit success.
This is true, as for "Open Ended" I use Beads with Claude code, I ask it to identify things based on criteria (even if its open ended) then I ask it to make tasks, then when its done I ask it to research and ask clarifying questions for those tasks. This works really well.
While this is true in my experience, the opposite is not true. LLMs are very good at helping me go through a structure processing of thinking about architectural and structural design and then help build a corresponding specification.
More specifically the "idea honing" part of this proposed process works REALLY well: https://harper.blog/2025/02/16/my-llm-codegen-workflow-atm/
This: Each question should build on my previous answers, and our end goal is to have a detailed specification I can hand off to a developer. Let’s do this iteratively and dig into every relevant detail. Remember, only one question at a time.
thats called job security!
Back in the day, we would just do this with a search engine.
until works { try again }
The stuff is getting so cheap and so fast... a sufficient increment in quantity can produce a phase change in quality.
My sentiment was "that's obviously a weird non-intended hack" but I wanted to test quickly, and well ... it worked. Later, reading the man-pages I aknowledged the fact that I needed to declare specific flags for gcc in place of the gpt advised solution.
I think these kind of value based judgements are hard to emulate for LLMs, it's hard for them to identifiate a single source as the most authoritative source in a sea of lesser authoritative (but numerous) sources.
If I had a pdf printout of a table, the workflow i used to have to use to get that back into a table data structure to use for automation was hard (annoying). dedicated OCR tools with limitations on inputs, multiple models in that tool for the different ways the paper the table was on might be formatted. it took hours for a new input format
now i can take a photo of something with my phone and get a data table in like 30 seconds.
people seem so desperate to outsource their thinking to these models and operating at the limits of their capability, but i have been having a blast using it to cut through so much tedium that werent unsolved problems but required enough specialized tooling and custom config to be left alone unless you really had to
this fits into what youre saying with using it to do the grunt work i find boring i suppose, but feels a little bit more than that - like it has opened a lot of doors to spaces that had grunt work that wasnt worth doing for the end result previously but now it is
Static analysis has the opposite problem - very structured, deterministic, but limited to predefined patterns and overwhelms you in false positives.
The sweet spot seems to be to give structure to what the LLM should look for, rather than letting it roam free on an open-ended "review this" prompt.
We built Autofix Bot[1] around this idea.
[1] https://autofix.bot (disclosure: founder)
Claude is for getting shit done, it's not at its best at long research tasks.
When I see my colleagues use an LLM they are treating it like a mind reader and their prompts are, frankly, dogshit.
It shows that articulating a problem is an important skill.
I'd hesitate to call this a blind spot. LLMs have a lot of actual blind spots - things people developing them overlook or deprioritize. This strikes me more as something acutely aware of & failing at, despite significant efforts to solve.
Try this:
Have a look at xyz.cs. Do a full audit of the file and look for any database operations in loops that can be pre-filtered.
Or:
Have a look at folder /folderX/ and add .AsNoTracking() to all read-only database queries. When you are done, run the compiler and fix the errors. Only modify files in /folderX/ and do not go deeper in the call hierarchy. Once you are done, do a full audit of each file and make sure you did not accidentally added .AsNoTracking() to tracked entities. Do no create any new files or make backups, I already created a git branch for you. Do not make any git commits.
Or:
Have a look at the /Controllers/ folder. Do a full audit of each controller file and make sure there are no hard-coded credentials, username, password or tokens.
Or: Have a look at folder /folderX/. Find any repeated hard-coded values, magic values and literals that will make good candidates to extract to Constants.cs. Make sure to add XML comments to the Constants.cs file to document what the value is for. You may create classes within Constants.cs to better group certain values, like AccountingConstants or SystemConstants etc.
These kinds of tasks works amazing in claude code an can often be one shotted. Make sure you check your git diffs - you cannot and should not blame AI for shitty code - its your name next to the commit, make sure it is correct. You can even ask claude to review the file with you afterwards. I've used this kind of approach to greatly increase our overall code quality & performance tuning - I really don't understand all the negative comments as this approach has chopped down days worth of refactorings to a couple of minutes and hours.
In places where you see your coding assistant is slow or making mistakes or it is going line by line where you know a simple regex find/replace would work instantly, ask it to help you create a shell script as a tool for itself to call, that does task xyz that it can call. I've made a couple of scripts that uses this approach that Claude can call locally to fix certain code pattern in 5 seconds that would've taken it (and me checking it) 30 mins at least and it wont eat up context or tokens.
This is exactly how I use it. I prefer Gemini 3 personally.
I try to learn as much as I can about different architectures, usually by reading books or other implementations and coding first principals to build a mental model. I apply the architecture to the problem and the AI fills in the gaps. I try my best to focus and cover those gaps.
The reason I think it is inconsistent in nailing a variety of tasks is the recipe for training LLMs, which is pre-training + RL. The RL environment sends a training signal to update all the weights in its trajectory for the successful response. Karpathy calls it “sucking supervision through a straw”. This breaks other parts of the model.
Current AI, and in particular RL-based, is already or will soon achieve super human performance on problems that can be - quickly - verified and measured.
So maths, algorithms, etc and well defined bugs fall into that category.
However architectural decision, design, long-term planning where there is little data, no model allowing synthetic data generation, and long iteration cycles are not so much amenable to it.
[0] https://www.jasonwei.net/blog/asymmetry-of-verification-and-...
The basic gist of it is to give the llm some code to review and have it assign a grade multiple times. How much variance is there in the grade?
Then, prompt the same llm to be a "critical" reviewer with the same code multiple times. How much does that average critical grade change?
A low variance of grades across many generations and a low delta between "review this code" and "review this code with a critical eye" is a major positive signal for quality.
I've found that gpt-5.1 produces remarkably stable evaluations whereas Claude is all over the place. Furthermore, Claude will completely [and comically] change the tenor of its evaluation when asked to be critical whereas gpt-5.1 is directionally the same while tightening the screws.
You could also interpret these results to be a proxy for obsequiousness.
Edit: One major part of the eval i left out is "can an llm converge on an 'A'?" Let's say the llm gives the code a 6/10 (or B-). When you implement its suggestions and then provide the improved code in a new context, does the grade go up? Furthermore, can it eventually give itself an A, and consistently?
It's honestly impressive how good, stable, and convergent gpt-5.1 is. Claude is not great. I have yet to test it on Gemini 3.
There's a reason why reasoning models are bad for creative writing. The thinking constrains the output.
And if an LLM is consistent, even with a high temp, it could give the same PR the same grade while choosing different words to say.
The tokens are still chosen from the distribution, so a higher probability of the same grade will result in the same grade being chosen regardless of the temp set.
The model could "assess" the code qualitatively the same and still give slightly different letter grades.
And, like the other commenter said, the temperature may change the distribution of the next token, but the reasoning tends to reel those things in, which is why reasoning models are notoriously poor at creative writing.
You are free to run these experiments for yourself. Perhaps, with your deeper understanding, you'll shed new light on this behavior.
Removing code, renaming files, condensing, and other edits is mostly a post-training stuff, supervised learning behavior. You have armies of developers across the world making 17 to 35 dollars an hour solving tasks step by step which are then basically used to generate prompt/responses pairs of desired behavior for a lot of common development situations, adding desired output for things like tool calling, which is needed for things like deleting code.
A typical human working on post-training dataset generation task would involve a scenario like: given this Dockerfile for a python application, when we try to run pytest it fails with exception foo not found. The human will notice that package foo is not installed, change the requirements.txt file and write this down, then he will try pip install, and notice that the foo package requires a certain native library to be installed. The final output of this will be a response with the appropriate tool calls in a structured format.
Given that the amount of unsupervised learning is way bigger than the amount spent on fine-tuning for most models, it is not surprise that given any ambiguous situation, the model will default to what it knows best.
More post-training will usually improve this, but the quality of the human generated dataset probably will be the upper bound of the output quality, not to mention the risk of overfitting if the foundation model labs embrace SFT too enthusiastically.
what does this even mean? could you expand on it
What is the capital of the United States?
What is the capital of Canada?
Impressive, but not very useful. A good base model will complete your input with things that generally make sense, usually correct, but a lot of times completely different from what you intended it to generate. They are like a very smart dog, a genius dog that was not trained and most of the time refuses to obey.
So, even simple behaviors like acting as a party in a conversation as a chat bot is something that requires fine-tuning (the result of them being the *-instruct models you find in HuggingFace). In Machine Learning parlance, what we call supervised learning.
But in the case of ChatBOT behavior, the fine-tuning is not that much complex, because we already have a good idea of what conversations look like from our training corpora, we have already encoded a lot of this during the unsupervised learning phase.
Now, let's think about editing code, not simple generating it. Let's do a simple experiment. Go to your project and issue the following command.
claude -p --output-format stream-json "your prompt here to do some change in your code" | jq -r 'select(.type == "assistant") | .message.content[]? | select(.type? == "text") | .text'
Editing existing code, deleting it, refactoring is a way more complex operation than just generating a new function or class, it requires for the model to read the existing code, generate a plan to identify what needs to be changed and deleted, generate output with the appropriate tool calls.
Sequences of token that simply lead to create new code have basically a lower entropy, are more probable, than complex sequences that lead to editing and refactoring existing code.
Because editing/removing code requires that the model output tokens for tools calls to be intercepted by the coding agent.
Responses like the example below are not emergent behavior, they REQUIRE fine-tuning. Period.
I need to fix this null pointer issue in the auth module.
<|tool_call|>
{"id": "call_abc123", "type": "function", "function": {"name": "edit_file", "arguments": "{"path": "src/auth.py", "start_line": 12, "end_line": 14, "replacement": "def authenticate(user):\n if user is None:\n return False\n return verify(user.token)"}"}}
<|end_tool_call|>For example, in a functional-style codebase, they will try to rewrite everything to a class. I have to adjust the prompt to list things that I'm not interested in. And some inexperienced people are trying to write better code by learning from such changes of LLMs...
Another problem is that they try to add handling of different cases that are never present in my data. I have to mention that there is no need to update handling to be more generalized. For example, my code handles PNG files, and they add JPG handling that never happens.
I think it suffers from performance anxiety...
----
The only solution I have found is to - rewrite the prompt from scratch, change the context myself, and then clear any "history or memories" and then try again.
I have even gone so far as to open nested folders in separate windows to "lock in" scope better.
As soon as I see the agent say "Wait, that doesnt make sense, let me review the code again" its cooked
It’s REAL FUCKING TEMPTING to say ”hey Claude, go do this thing that would take me hours and you seconds” because he will happily, and it’ll kinda work. But one way or another you are going to put those hours in.
It’s like programming… is proof of work.
Vibe coding though, super deceptive!
All LLMs degrade in quality as soon as you go beyond one user message and one assistant response. If you're looking for accuracy and highest possible quality, you need to constantly redo the conversations from scratch, never go beyond one user message.
If the LLM gets it wrong in their first response, instead of saying "No, what I meant was...", you need to edit your first response, and re-generate, otherwise the conversation becomes "poisoned" almost immediately, and every token generated after that will suffer.
Edit: Shortly after posting this, I asked Claude the same type of question (namely how to persist pieces of data between each coaching session). I just learned about Claude's Memory System - the ability to store these pieces of data between coding sessions. I learn something new every day!
It still requires an exhausting amount of thought and energy to make the LLM go in the direction I want, which is to say in a direction which considers the code which is outside the current context window.
I suspect that we will not solve the context window problem for a long time. But we will see a tremendous growth in “on demand tooling” for things which do fit into a context window and for which we can let the AI “do whatever it wants.”
For me, my work product needs to conform to existing design standards and I can’t figure out how to get Claude to not just wire up its own button styles.
But it’s remarkable how—despite all of the nonsense—these tools remain an irreplaceable part of my work life.
I think LLMs are still at the 'advanced autocomplete' stage, where the most productive way to use them is to have a human in the loop.
In this, accuracy of following instructions, and short feedback time is much more important than semi-decent behavior over long-horizon tasks.
Then, I ask it to execute each phase from the doc one at a time. I review all the code it writes or sometimes just write it myself. When it is done it updates the plan with what was accomplished and what needs to be done next.
This has worked for me because:
- it forces the planning part to happen before coding. A lot of Claude’s “wtf” moments can be caught in this phase before it write a ton of gobbledygook code that I then have to clean up
- the code is written in small chunks, usually one or two functions at a time. It’s small enough that I can review all the code and understand before I click accept. There’s no blindly accepting junk code.
- the only context is the planning doc. Claude captures everything it needs there, and it’s able to pick right up from a new chat and keep working.
- it helps my distraction-prone brain make plans and keep track of what I was doing. Even without Claude writing any code, this alone is a huge productivity boost for me. It’s like have a magic notebook that keeps track of where I was in my projects so I can pick them up again easily.
"...oh and the app still works, there's no new features, and just a few new bugs."
Nobody thinks that doing 200 improvement passes on functioning code base is a good idea. The prompt tells the model that it is a principal engineer, then contradicts that role the imperative "We need to improve the quality of this codebase". Determining when code needs to be improved is a responsibility for the principal engineer but the prompt doesn't tell the model that it can decide the code is good enough. I think we would see a different behavior if the prompt was changed to "Inspect the codebase, determine if we can do anything to improve code quality, then immediately implement it." If the model is smart enough, this will increasingly result in passes where the agent decides there is nothing left to do.
In my experience with CC I get great results where I make an open ended question about a large module and instruct it to come back to me with suggestions. Claude generates 5-10 suggestions and ranks them by impact. It's very low-effort from the developer's perspective and it can generate some good ideas.
LLMs are incapable of reducing entropy in a code base
I've always had this nagging feeling, but I think this really captures the essence of it succintly.
But just telling an AI it's a principal engineer does not make it a principal engineer. Firstly, that is such a broad, vaguely defined term, and secondly, typically that level of engineering involves dealing with organizational and industry issues rather than just technical ones.
And so absent a clear definition, it will settle on the lowest common denominator of code quality, which would be test coverage -- likely because that is the most common topic in its training data -- and extrapolate from that.
The other thing is, of course, the RL'd sycophancy which compels it to do something, anything, to obey the prompt. I wonder what would happen if tweaked the prompt just a little bit to say something like "Use your best judgement and feel free to change nothing."
There is no consensus on what constitutes a high quality codebase.
Said differently - even if you asked 200 humans to do this same exercise, you would get 200 different outputs.
Take away everything else, there’s a product that is really good at small tasks, it doesn’t mean that changing those small tasks together to make a big task should work.
I'm not sure there's much to learn here, besides it's kinda fun, since no real human was forced to suffer through this exercise on the implementor side.
Which describes a lot of outsourced development. And we all know how well that works
It's not hard, just different.
Yes.
How useful is the comparison with the worst human results? Which are often due to process rather than the people involved.
You can improve processes and teach the humans. The junior will become a senior, in time. If the processes and the company are bad, what's the point of using such a context to compare human and AI outputs? The context is too random and unpredictable. Even if you find out AI or some humans are better in such a bad context, what of it? The priority would be to improve the process first for best gains.
A human with no traning will perform worse.
I don't mean the code producers, I mean the enterprise itself is not intelligent yet it (the enterprise) is described as developing the software. And it behaves exactly like this, right down to deeply enjoying inflicting bad development/software metrics (aka BD/SM) on itself, inevitably resulting in:
https://github.com/EnterpriseQualityCoding/FizzBuzzEnterpris...
This was more about seeing in what interesting ways the LLM will "fail", to get a little glimpse into how the black-box "thinks".
I created the original plan with a very specific ask - create an abstraction to remove some tight coupling. Small problem that had a big surface area. The planning/brainstorming was great and I like the plan we came up with.
I then tried to use a prompt like OP's to improve it (as I said, large surface area so I wanted to review it) - "Please review PLAN_DOC.md - is it a comprehensive plan for this project?". I'd run it -> get feedback -> give it back to Claude to improve the plan.
I (naively perhaps) expected this process to converge to a "perfect plan". At this point I think of it more like a probability tree where there's a chance of improving the plan, but a non-zero chance of getting off the rails. And once you go off the rails, you only veer further and further from the truth.
There are certainly problems where "throwing compute" at it and continuing to iterate with an LLM will work great. I would expect those to have firm success criteria. Providing definitions of quality would significantly improve the output here as well (or decrease the probability of going off the rails I suppose). Otherwise Claude will confuse quality like we see here.
Shout out OP for sharing their work and moving us forward.
Or I should say, they kept hiring the humans who needed something to do, and basically did what this AI did.
Given with what I've seen from Claude 4.5 Opus, I suspect the following test would be interesting: attempt to have Claude Code + Haiku/Sonnet/Opus implement and benchmark an algorithm with:
- no CLAUDE.md file
- a basic CLAUDE.md file
- an overly nuanced CLAUDE.md file
And then both test the algorithm speed and number of turns it takes to hit that algorithm speed.
Your point stands uncontested by me, but I just wanted to mention that humans have that bias too.
Random link (has the Nature study link): https://blog.benchsci.com/this-newly-proven-human-bias-cause...
The logger library which Claude created is actually pretty simple, highly approachable code, with utilities for logging the timings of async code and the ability to emit automatic performance warnings.
I have been using LogTape (https://logtape.org) for JavaScript logging, and the inherited, category-focused logging with different sinks has been pretty great.
Claude has a bias to add lines of code to a project, rather than make it more concise. Consequently, each refactoring pass becomes more difficult to untangle, and harder to improve.
Ideally, in this experiment, only the first few passes would result in changes - mostly shrinking the project size, and from then on, Claude would change nothing - just a like a very good programmer.
This is the biggest problem with developing with Claude, by far. Anthropic should laser focus on fixing it.
> Tons of tests got added, but some tests that mattered the most (maestro e2e tests that validated the app still works) were forgotten.
I've seen many LLM proponents often cite the number of tests as a positive signal.
This smells, to me, like people who tout lines of code.
When you are counting tests in the thousands I think its a negative signal.
You should be writing property based tests rather than 'assert x=1', 'assert x=2', 'assert x=-1' and on and on.
If LLMs are incapable of acknowledging that then add it to the long list of 'failure modes'.
For instance - it created a hasMinimalEntropy function meant to "detect obviously fake keys with low character variety". I don't know why.
I think prompt engineering could help here a bit, adding some context on what a quality codebase is, remove everything that is not necessary, consider future maintainability (20->84k lines is a smell). All of these are smells that like a simple supervisor agent could have caught.
telling it to do better without any feedback obviously is going to go nowhere fast.
In my experience, adding this kind of instruction to the context window causes SOTA coding models to actually undertake that kind of optimization while development carries on. You can also periodically chuck your entire codebase into Gemini-3 (with its massive context window) and ask it to write a refactoring plan; then, pass that refactoring plan back into your day-to-day coding environment such as Cursor or Codex and get it to take a few turns working away at the plan.
As with human coders, if you let them run wild "improving" things without specifically instructing them to also pay attention to bloat, bloat is precisely what you will get.
> ..oh and the app still works, there's no new features, and just a few new bugs.
I disagree, it's very useful even in languages that have exception throwing conventions. It's good enough for the return type for Promise.allSettled api.
The problem is when I don't have the result type I end up approximating it anyway through other ways. For a quick project I'd stick with exceptions but depending on my codebase I usually use the Go style ok, err tuple (it's usually clunkier in ts though) or a rust style result type ok err enum.
Embracing a functional style in TypeScript is probably the most productive I've felt in any mainstream programming language. It's a shame that the language was defiled with try/catch, classes and other unnecessary cruft so third party libraries are still an annoying boundary you have to worry about, but oh well.
The language is so well-suited for this that you can even model side effects as values, do away with try/catch, if/else and mutation a la Haskell, if you want[1].
I worked in a C# codebase with Result responses all over the place, and it just really complicated every use case all around. Combined with Promises (TS) it's worse still.
https://github.com/Gricha/macro-photo/compare/main...highest...
Not what I would expect from a prompt like "you're a principal engineer"
I've worked on writing some as a data scientist, and I have gotten the basic claude output to be much better; it makes some saner decisions, it validates and circles back to fix fits, etc.
In my experience, Claude can actually clean up a repo rather nicely if you ask it to (1) shrink source code size (LOC or total bytes), (2) reduce dependencies, and (3) maintain integration tests.
Many apps out there with developers religiously worshipping high quality and over-engineering over a single app with less than 10 users or if they are lucky enough to get over 1,000 users.
…and all of that and not a single dollar was made. Might as well donated it to Anthropic.
> Some of them are really unnecessary and could be replaced with off the shelf solution
Lots of people would regard this as a good thing. Surely the LLM can't guess which kind you are.
> Implement a fresh project based off of this description
Genuine question, if we were to ask AI to do those two steps to generate a different code base from scratch entirely, does it qualify for a "clean room" design legally speaking?
1) Run multiple code analysis tools over it and have the LLM aggregate it with suggestions
2) ask the LLM to list potential improvements open ended question and pick by hand which I want
And usually repeat the process with a completely different model (ie diff company trained it)
Any more and yeah they end up going in circles
Tangible examples like this seem like a useful way to show some of the limitations.
Even before that rest of it, 10k lines of code for an app with 5 screens is... yeah. Reminds me of "enterprise" Java codebases from 15 years ago
I suspect SLOC growth wouldn't be quite as dramatic but things like converting everything to Rust's error handling approach could easily happen.
const x = new NewClass();
assert.ok(x instanceof NewClass);
It's going to be fun to look back at this and see how much slop these coding agents created.
It is not unlike people, the difference being that if you ask someone the same thing 200 times, he will probably going to tell you to go fuck yourself, or, if unable to, turn to malicious compliance. These AIs will always be diligent. Or, a human may use the opportunity to educate himself, but again, LLMs don't learn by doing, they have a distinct training phase that involves ingesting pretty much everything humanity has produced, your little conversation will not have a significant effect, if at all.
To extend what may seem like a [prima facie] insane, stupid, or foolhardy idea: Why not send the output of /dev/urandom into /bin/bash? Or even /proc/mem? It probably won't do anything particularly interesting. It will probably just break things and burn power.
And so? It's just a computer; its scope is limited.
Yes, you do know why. Because somewhere in its training, that functionality was linked to "quality" or "improvement". Remember what these things do at their core: really good auto-complete.
'The prompt, in all its versions, always focuses on us improving the codebase quality. It was disappointing to see how that metric is perceived by AI agent.'
Really? It's disappointing to see how that metric is perceived by humans, and the AIs are trained on things humans made. If people can't agree on "codebase quality", especially the ones who write loudly about it on the intetnet, it's going to be impossible for AI agents to agree. A better prompt actually specifying what _you_ consider to be improvements would have been so much better: perhaps minimize 3rd party deps, or minimize local utils reimplementing existing 3rd party libs, or add quality typechecks.
'The leading principle was to define a few vanity metrics and push for "more is better".'
Yeah, because this is probably the most common thing it saw in training. Programmers actually making codebase quality improvements are just quietly doing it, while the ones shouting on the internet (hence into the training data) about how their [bad] techniques [appear to] improve quality are also the ones picking vanity metrics and pushing for "more is better".
'I've prompted Claude Code to failure here'
Not really a failure: it did exactly what you asked: impoved "codebase quality" according to its training data. If you _required_ a human engineer to do the same thing 200 times, you'd get similar results as they run out of real improvements and start scouring the web for anything that anybody ever considered an "improvement", which very definitely includes vanity metrics and "more is better" regarding test count and coverage. You just showed that these AIs aren't much more than their training data. It's not actually thinking about quality, it's just barfing up things it has seen called "codebase quality improvements", regardless of the actual quality of those improvements.
Fucking yikes dude. When's the last time it took you 4500 lines per screen, 9000 including the JSON data in the repo????? This is already absolute insanity.
I bet I could do this entire app in easily less than half, probably less than a tenth, of that.
Ultrathink. You're a principal engineer. Do not ask me any
questions. We need to improve the quality of this codebase.
Implement improvements to codebase quality.
As for this experiment: What does quality even mean? Most human devs will have different opinions on it. If you would ask 200 different devs (Claude starts from 0 after each iteration) to do the same, I have doubts the code would look much better.
I am also wondering what would happen if Claude would have an option to just walk away from the code if its "good enough". For each problem most human devs run cost->benefit equation in their head, only worthy ideas are realized. Claude does not do it, the code writing cost is very low on his site and the prompt does not allow any graceful exit :)
Rather than converging on optimal code (Occam's Razor for both maintainability and performance) they are just spewing code all over the scene. I've noticed that myself, of course, but this technique helps to magnify and highlight the problem areas.
It makes you wonder how much training material was/is available for code optimization relative to training material for just coding to meet functional requirements. And therefore, what's the relative weight of optimizing code baked into the LLMs.
- Do some work - Critique the work
it will converge better
Oh hey, just like real developers!
It can do great things but needs close supervision. Claude doesn’t write code, Claude recommends code.
And lots of people who use AI coding assistants go through a phase of pushing AI slop in prod. I know I did that. Some of it still bites me to this day.
But here's the thing: AI coding assistants did not exist two years ago. We are critical of them based on unfounded expectations. They are tools, and they have limitations. They are far, very, very far, from being perfect. They will not replace us for 20 years, at least.
But are they useful? Yes. Can you learn usage patterns so you eliminate as much as possible AI slop? I personally hope I did that; I think quite a lot of people who use AI coding assistants have found ways to tame the beast.
"I spent 200 days in the woods"
"I Google translated this 200 times"
"I hit myself with this golf club 200 times"
Is this really what hacker news is for now?