crank check:

  - AI "collaboration" 
  - pure maths in a cosmology paper 
  - Zenodo 
  - small number of citations from a wide range of dates 
  - cosmology

One of my favourite youtube videos is Angela Collier's one on cranks, she makes the point that a motivated independent researcher can do science if they choose less ambitious problems, but these people always choose the deepest and most fundamental problems in maths and physics.