I've almost made that exact same mistake (but not on a critical part). I had a bunch of identical rolls with CF loaded filament of different base materials and just looking at the filament you really couldn't tell.
It didn't take long before I noticed. PLA is super liquid at ABS temps :)
(Not to mention that in my case ABS bed temps would melt the bottom of the PLA)
I've gone through a couple of thousand kg of filament in the last year and I've had some 'interesting' failures.