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How would I know that $| is a var? It could be an operator, or a function, or a directive.

There's no space for doubts at all. If it starts with $ then it's a scalar variable name. It's a very basic rule in Perl. Like any Perl tutorial would mention it within a few paragraphs from the start.

So then wouldn't that make $|++ the variable name?

Smokey, this is not 'Nam! This is <Perl>, there are rules!

'$' guarantees a scalar. Then it either alphanumeric id, or a single non-alphanumeric symbol. And the latter means you deal with a 'special' var which with 100% certainty has a documentation entry.

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