Just ban individually targeted advertising and be done with it.
Sadly, this is mostly a matter of not enforcing the GDPR enough. Things such as "data minimization" and the erosion of "technically necessary" already should protect us. Instead the Business Community chose malicious compliance on a vast scale and the data protection agencies did nothing.
Market research is only "not just advertisement" by an artificial distinction. Walmart isn't preparing data for a non-profit research group's benefit.