Signal recently introduced cloud backups. https://signal.org/blog/introducing-secure-backups/
Last time I had to reinstall my phone I ended up finding an implementation of their phone-to-phone transfer protocol to emulate a "new" device I'm transferring to just to get a dump of the data (I'd share, but don't want them to close this option, since clearly the lack of export option is very much intentional).
Then I deleted Signal and begrudgingly moved to WhatsApp (in addition to iMessage which I've already been using).
WhatsApp, which is infamous by association with Meta, backs up to Google Drive or wherever.