I've often noticed that this is a favourite phrase of those whose preferred motion is narrating other people's work rather than doing it themselves. Teams do go further together. But only when everyone is rowing.
This apparently is an old African proverb coopted by the modern managerial class.
For those thinking about this issue, there are tech-specific related arguments similar to and contrary to the above. I heard the phrase from a Microsoft leader in early 2010s:
* "Heroism doesn't scale" (similar)
While I'm not sure it is completely true, there are respects in which it is deeply true (e.g. ops). It's a double-edged sword I think though; if you take the "Heroism doesn't scale" too seriously, you can suffocate out other key success drivers -- vision, innovation, motivation, design clarity/consistency, etc.
There's also (Fred) Brooks's Law (from Mythical Man Month):
* "Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later." (contrary)
I.e. there are limits to how many people "going far, going together" works for fundamental communication/coordination reasons.
P.S. There are also similar debates about optimal authority/responsibility/coordination across various military cultures, e.g. search for "military command".
Only if everyone is toward the same direction.
Not when one tries to redesign a new boat and the other person tries to row forward.
The popular "Thinking from the first principle" often leads to redesign a new boat. This is where it gets problematic.