Young kids can go through multiple cases each of which look like they have been run over, but it’s relatively common for adults to replace a case.
Adjective definition 3 from https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ablative
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation
The poster is saying that a case can wear out and be replaced without damage to the phone. You can let the case take all the damage, then get a new one. But if you let a phone take all the damage (even if it's a tougher phone), you can't remove that damage.
It's also nice to be able to choose a texture. In my latest iteration, I got Apple's techwoven case, and I really like the feel compared to the usual silicone stuff, or bare metal. The texture also makes it easier to grip so maybe I'll drop it less. I can hope.