Elon Musk says building his own 'TeraFab' chip fab may be the only answer
tomshardware.com
tomshardware.com
Perhaps. But if TSMC, Samsung, Intel, GlobalFoundries, SK Hynix, SMIC, and UMC can all do it, it isn't THAT esoteric.
They all compete for Silicon (SiO2) and P and B and Copper (Cu) and Neon (Ne), and PFAS for photoresist masks.
Graphene can be made from CO2 and unsorted plastics, though graphene is typically manufactured from imported graphite FWIU.
Traditional nanolithography works on silicon carbide.
FET nano transistors can be patterned into graphene and other forms of carbon.
Graphene oxide and Carbon epoxide are probably better substrates than doped Silicon.
The work functions of graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes are different enough for reduced graphene oxide to be the substrate for carbon-based integrated electronic, phononic, and photonic computing chips.
https://www.asianometry.com/p/the-purest-water-in-the-world
The average fab uses about 2,000 gallons of ultrapure water each minute, 2-3 million gallons each day.
Pipes and tubing are constantly shedding particles into flowing water - with random bursts that drive everyone crazy.
Once the killer particle size limit ratcheted down to 20 nanometers - a limit we hit roughly about ten years ago - engineers realized that there existed no detection tool for consistently detecting sub-10 nanometer particles in low quantities.
The pore size of graphene can be varied parametrically.
Water filters and air filters and superconducting electronic computers can be made by stacking layers of graphene.
Some products made out of graphene are compostable. Other forms of carbon are considered soil amendments.
Does or would passive distillation allow some of the waste sediment to settle?
Graphene can be added to concrete to make it stronger.
Could the graphene in water from next generation graphene-based semiconductor and superconductor production be used as a concrete additive?
Asking for a friend with no subsidies.