There are lots of other non-videogame related versions of this too! The one I'm probably most familiar with is Parkour Vision, where practicing parkour enough leads you to view the environment completely differently, seeing a kash vault here, a kong to precision there. It's quite enjoyable! I imagine skaters have a similar thing. From the little bit of skating that I did I mainly just got to appreciating smooth areas of road or path.
On the game side of things, the strongest I've ever got this was during/after playing The Witness. It's an incredible (and incredibly addictive) puzzle game that will have you seeing puzzles everywhere in the real world if you play it enough. The game even alludes to this effect in one of the endings!