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I've built high load services in Java. GC can be an issue if it gets bad enough to have to pause, but it's in no way a big performance drain regularly.

pypy is fast compared to plain python, but it's not remotely in the same ballpark as C, Java, Golang

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Sure, it's not a big performance drain. For the vast majority of software, it is fine. Usually, the ability to write programs more quickly in eg. Java (not having to care about memory management) outweighs the possible gain of Rust that can reduce memory usage, and total energy usage (because no background thread are needed for GC). I also write most software in Java. Right now, the ergonomics of languages that don't require tracing GC is just too high. But I don't think this is a law of nature; it's just that there a now better languages yet that don't require a tracing GC. The closest is probably Swift, from a memory / energy usage perspective, but it has other issues.

> and total energy usage

Surprisingly, Java is right behind manual memory managed languages in terms of energy use, due to its GC being so efficient. It turns out that if your GC can "sprint very fast", you can postpone running it till the last second, and memory drains the same amount no matter what kind of garbage it holds. Also, just "booking" that this region is now garbage without doing any work is also cheaper than calling potentially a chain of destructors or incrementing/decrementing counters.

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