First, merging firms reduce the number of products they sell, with the effects materializing one year after the M&A and accelerating over the next several years.
Second, merging firms tend to drop and add products at the periphery of their joint product portfolio.
Third, the net effect is an increase in the similarity among the products that firms offer following a merger or acquisition.
from: https://www.promarket.org/2023/10/02/merged-firms-offer-less...This finding has been consistently true since people have started measuring merger outcomes, "we find that each merger is associated with a quality decrease (increase) in markets where the merging firms had (had no) pre-merger competition with each other, and the quality change can have a U-shaped relationship with pre-merger competition intensity. Consumer gains/losses associated with quality changes, which we monetize, are substantial " – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S01677...
It is doubtful that merging two companies would have improved the EU's capability to compete with Chinese state operators. On the other hand, lowering the capital threshold to create a new entrant would definitely improve the EU's competitive position and capabilities, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=cele...