This title is a bit ironic when you consider the fact that one of the motivations of inventing category theory is to provide a foundation for many branches of mathematics
A note on the motivations - CT was not originally intended as a foundations. This is clear from both the name (General Theory of Natural Equivalences) and construction (based on set theory, which is was and still is the foundation for most of mathematics). There was indeed work in the foundational direction and there are relevant aspects, but I don't think that's even today the core aspect of it.