There is a hard limit on the number of atomic elements, and an even smaller limit on the number of soluble compounds that facilitate chemical reactions, and water is demonstrably both the best and the most common in the universe.

So while it may be possible for life to exist without water, any alternatives should be reasonably expected to be even more rare than water-based life

There's a reason life is carbon-based, and it's not random. It's the only element that works, due to abundance; ability to form many bonds; bonds that are just durable enough but not too durable. There's plenty of sci-fi about silicon-based life, but that's infeasible fantasy. And no other elements have any hope. If you have carbon-based life, you need water as solvent and medium.

It's a pretty safe assumption that all life requires water.

1. xbmcuser’s point: They challenge the anthropocentric (Earth-centric) assumption — “we only know life as we know it.” Philosophically valid, but scientifically weak without proposing a viable alternative chemistry.

2. joshuahedlund’s reply: Grounds the argument in chemistry and probability.

There are only ~90 stable elements → a finite combinatorial chemistry space.

Among possible solvents, water is the most abundant and chemically versatile (dipolar, wide liquid range, high heat capacity, good at dissolving ions and organics). → So even if other solvents can work (like ammonia, methane, formamide), the odds heavily favor water-based life.

3. caymanjim’s addition: Brings in carbon’s unique valence behavior:

4 valence electrons → can form stable, complex chains and rings.

Bonds are strong but not too strong → dynamic yet stable biochemistry.

Silicon (next best candidate) forms brittle, static lattices and poorly soluble oxides → bad for metabolism. → Therefore: if life is carbon-based, water is the only sensible solvent.

What's the chemistry of life without water? Do you refer to the promising Russian studies of life sustained by alcohol?

You’re getting a lot of negative feedback for whatever reason, but you’re absolutely right.

I for one remember reading about possible silicon/methane based life, etc. Actually, here’s a whole wikipedia article on what you’re talking about.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothetical_types_of_bioche...

Perhaps HN folks will lose your scent now and direct their snark there