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litestream makes very few consistency guarantees compared to other datastores, and so I would expect most any issues found would be "working as intended".

at the end of the day with litestream, when you respond back to a client with a successful write you are only guaranteeing a replication factor of 1.

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By "replication factor of 1" you mean your data is stored on local disk only, right? That matches my understanding: Litestream replication is asynchronous, so there's usually a gap of a seconds or two between your write being accepted and the resulting updated page being pushed off to S3 or similar.

Yes. the acknowledgement you're getting in your application code is that the data was persisted in sqlite on that host. There's no mechanism to delay acknowledgement until the write has been asynchronously persisted elsewhere.

An interesting comparison here is Cloudflare's Durable Objects, which provide a blocking SQLite write that doesn't return until the data has been written to multiple network replicas: https://blog.cloudflare.com/sqlite-in-durable-objects/#trick...

I wonder if it would be possible to achieve this using a SQLite VFS extension - maybe that could block acknowledgment of a right until the underlying page has been written to S3?

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