Using reproducible builds allows developers to publish apps on F-Droid using their own signing keys [1]. Those signing keys can then be verified by Google.
In 2023 already, 2 out of 3 new apps used this approach [2].
With this in mind, F-Droid should be able to continue functioning after this change by mandating reproducible builds.
[1] https://f-droid.org/docs/Reproducible_Builds/
[2] https://f-droid.org/2023/09/03/reproducible-builds-signing-k...