Is there another 12-color palette that allows you to easily distinguish between every color? If so, I'd love to see it.
I'd also appreciate if anyone who happens to read this who has a different variety of colorblindness - or who finds color palettes inaccessible for any reason - could share what colors in the 12-bit palette and any others that are suggested in this thread are problematic and why, that'd be awesome :)
My initial instinct is that finding 12 colors that are visually distinguishable for all users is likely impossible. That being the case, the ideal solution IMO is likely something like providing a dynamic option to change the palette (or even the representation!) and then choosing a default that the author is happy with.